In Greece, for example,

environmental NGOs and fishermen argue that aquaculture is supported by politically powerful individuals, who are prioritizing economic benefits at the expense of social coherence selleck and environment. However, local people do not possess the means to influence the process, i.e. they are not capable of directing the final decision (I11). Related to previous concerns, some ‘silencing’ arguments are present in some conflictive cases in Ireland, Cyprus and Norway. In Galway Bay, the public body applying for the license of a fish farm was meanwhile responsible for issuing fishing licenses. Thus, NGOs claim that fishermen are not capable of showing their opposition since they are afraid that they could lose their licenses or would INCB018424 not be able to renew them if they come into conflict with the public authority (I13). In Liopetri, Cyprus, the interviewee reported that local newspaper׳s coverage of related

news and support for opposition sharply stopped when it was sold to the fish farm owner (I9). In Limassol, Cyprus, the aquaculture company opened a court case against the NGO representative since he publicly declared negative consequences of fish farm׳s operation. The company lost the court case in the end, and the NGO representative was found innocent, but the company׳s attempt remained as a pressure to silence voices. Moreover, in Floro, a local fish farm operator applied for permission for a new

location. In this case, local authorities were against opening up another area. The owner of the fish farm then threatened the local fish slaughter with stopping the delivery of farmed salmon, which was reported by the local newspaper as involving a possible layoff of 100 employees. Local authorities thus felt obliged to grant the permission, although they were initially opposed (I18). These cases demonstrate that owners of marine finfish aquaculture facilities are in some cases able to impose their own will, and both the stakeholders and their official local representatives may become unable to implement their decisions. People׳s discontent in these cases is Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease related to the disruption of capabilities and participation aspects of environmental justice for two reasons. First, they are silenced whenever they are not able to express their position democratically and have a social and political stance on the debate. Secondly, their participation does not become real even if they have been recognized as participants in decision-making – whenever their official representatives cannot implement their decisions. To sum up, the results indicate that the conflicts are not restricted to one or two local opposing actor groups that are against marine finfish aquaculture developments, but rather they include numerous stakeholders with varying perceptions and concerns.