We document evidence for nonlinear wave patterns in the ringdown phase of gravitational waves produced by the merger of two comparable-mass black holes. The merging of black hole binaries in quasicircular orbits, and the high-energy, head-on collisions of black holes, are both part of our study. Numerical simulations revealing nonlinear modes validate the critical influence of general-relativistic nonlinearities, and their inclusion is essential in gravitational-wave data analysis.

By combining periodic, mutually twisted square sublattices positioned at Pythagorean angles, we observe the generation of truncated moiré arrays, with linear and nonlinear light localization concentrated at the edges and corners. Linear modes, experimentally found to be quite exciting in the corner of femtosecond-laser-written moiré arrays, demonstrate markedly distinct localization properties from those of bulk excitations. Our work also details the consequences of nonlinearity on corner and bulk modes. Experiments show a shift in behavior, transitioning from linear quasi-localized states to surface solitons appearing at higher input power. Localization phenomena in photonic systems, induced by the truncation of periodic moiré structures, are experimentally demonstrated for the first time in our study.

Conventional lattice dynamics, reliant on static interatomic forces, inadequately addresses the consequences of time-reversal symmetry breaking in magnetic materials. Recent strategies for rectifying this situation entail including the initial variation in forces exerted on atoms, accounting for their velocities, under the adiabatic assumption of disassociating electronic and nuclear dynamics. In this letter, we develop a first-principles method for calculating velocity-force coupling in solids with extended structures, illustrated by the case of ferromagnetic CrI3. Slow spin dynamics in the system lead to substantial errors in the splittings of zone-center chiral modes when the adiabatic separation approximation is applied. A precise representation of the lattice's vibrational dynamics depends on the equal treatment of magnons and phonons.

Electrostatic gating and doping's influence on semiconductors underpins their extensive application in information communication and emerging energy technologies. The presence of paramagnetic acceptor dopants, with no adjustable parameters, quantitatively showcases a collection of hitherto enigmatic properties of two-dimensional topological semiconductors at the topological phase transition and in the quantum spin Hall effect. Explaining the short topological protection length, high hole mobilities compared to electron mobilities, and differing temperature dependences of the spin Hall resistance in HgTe and (Hg,Mn)Te quantum wells are the resonant states, charge correlation, the Coulomb gap, exchange interactions between conducting electrons and holes localized on acceptors, the strong coupling limit of the Kondo effect, and bound magnetic polarons.

Despite the conceptual prominence of contextuality in quantum mechanics, applications demanding contextuality without the need for entanglement have been surprisingly limited. For any quantum state and observables exhibiting contextuality within sufficiently small dimensions, we present the existence of a communication task that leverages quantum advantage. Oppositely, a quantum benefit in this operation signifies a demonstrable contextuality whenever an additional standard is met. We additionally find that if a set of observables allows for quantum state-independent contextuality, there exists a family of communication problems where the gap in complexity between classical and quantum communication grows with the input size. Lastly, we detail the method for transforming each communication task into a semi-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol.

The Bose-Hubbard model's dynamical characteristics demonstrate the signature of many-body interference, as we have shown. BMS-754807 in vitro Particles' indistinguishability increases the temporal variability of few-body observables, experiencing a dramatic amplification when quantum chaos sets in. By addressing the exchange symmetries of partially distinguishable particles, we understand this amplification as a consequence of the initial state's coherences, articulated within the eigenbasis.

In Au+Au collisions at RHIC, we report the correlation between beam energy, collision centrality, and the fifth and sixth order cumulants (C5, C6) and factorial cumulants (ξ5, ξ6) of net-proton and proton number distributions, across the range of √sNN = 3 GeV to 200 GeV. In most cases, cumulative ratios of net-proton (acting as a proxy for net-baryon) distributions are in accord with the thermodynamic hierarchy expected from QCD, with an exclusion for collisions at 3 GeV. For 0%-40% centrality collisions, the measured values of C6/C2 show a progressively decreasing negative tendency as the collision energy decreases, yet the lowest energy examined displays a positive result. Baryon chemical potential (B=110 MeV) QCD calculations, mirroring the observed negative signs, encompass the crossover transition phase. In addition, the proton n measurement results, above an energy of 77 GeV, considering uncertainties, do not support a two-component (Poisson-binomial) model for the proton number distribution that is predicted for a first-order phase transition. The collective hyperorder proton number fluctuations indicate a significantly divergent structure of QCD matter at high baryon density (B = 750 MeV at a √s_NN = 3 GeV) in comparison with low baryon density (B = 24 MeV at √s_NN = 200 GeV) and higher collision energies.

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) govern the lower bound of dissipation in nonequilibrium systems, this bound resulting from fluctuations within an observed current. While existing proofs utilize elaborate techniques, we present a direct derivation of TURs from the Langevin equation. Overdamped stochastic equations of motion invariably exhibit the TUR property. We augment the transient TUR framework by incorporating time-dependent currents and densities. By including current-density correlations, we, in addition, derive a refined transient dynamics TUR. Our unequivocally simplest and most direct demonstration, together with these novel generalizations, yields a systematic means of determining conditions under which the various TURs saturate and thus leads to more accurate thermodynamic conclusions. For Markov jump dynamics, a direct proof is given in the final section.

Frequency upshifting of a trailing witness laser pulse, a phenomenon known as photon acceleration, can occur due to the propagating density gradients of a plasma wakefield. Within a uniform plasma environment, the witness laser's phase will inevitably shift due to the effect of group delay. By utilizing a custom density profile, we ascertain the phase-matching conditions for the pulse. An analytic examination of a one-dimensional nonlinear plasma wake, driven by an electron beam, reveals that, despite a decline in plasma density, the frequency shift exhibits no asymptotic limit; in other words, it remains unbounded as long as the wake remains sustained. One-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, upholding complete self-consistency, exhibited frequency shifts exceeding 40 times the original frequency. Simulation results from quasi-3D PIC models demonstrated frequency shifts up to a factor of ten, attributable to the interplay of simulation resolution and poorly optimized driver evolution. The pulse's energy augments by a factor of five during this procedure, and group velocity dispersion orchestrates its guidance and temporal compression, culminating in an extreme ultraviolet laser pulse exhibiting near-relativistic intensity, equivalent to 0.004.

Low-power nanoscale optical trapping is examined theoretically within the context of photonic crystal cavities incorporating bowtie defects, leading to the desired combination of ultrahigh Q and ultralow mode volume. The bowtie region, heated locally, in concert with an alternating current field, powers long-range electrohydrodynamic particle transport within this system. Average radial velocities of 30 meters per second are achieved toward the bowtie zone on demand by adjusting the input wavelength. A 10 nm quantum dot, carried to a designated bowtie region, finds itself stably ensnared in a potential well measuring 10k BT deep, a phenomenon resulting from the interplay of optical gradient and attractive negative thermophoretic forces and actuated by a milliwatt input power.

Experimental studies on the stochastic phase dynamics of planar Josephson junctions (JJs) and superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), observed in epitaxial InAs/Al heterostructures, demonstrate a high ratio of Josephson energy to charging energy. Varying the temperature demonstrates a transition from macroscopic quantum tunneling to phase diffusion, with the transition temperature T^* being adjustable through gate tuning. The switching probability distributions are found to be in agreement with a small shunt capacitance and a moderate damping factor, leading to a switching current that represents a small proportion of the critical current. The synchronization of Josephson junctions via phase locking results in a difference in switching current values from those observed in a solitary junction to those observed when part of an asymmetric SQUID. A magnetic flux is employed to fine-tune T^* in the loop's operation.

We scrutinize quantum channels capable of division into two, but not three, or generally n, but not n+1, constituent quantum channels. For qubits, we exhibit the non-existence of these channels; however, this same property holds for general finite-dimensional quantum channels, at least when the channels possess full Kraus rank. In support of these outcomes, a new decomposition of quantum channels is presented. This decomposition separates each channel into a boundary component and a Markovian portion. This decomposition is valid for any finite-dimensional case.