2008) (Fig. 2). We observed Eg 3911 dead at sea by

aerial survey on 1 February 2011, and towed it ashore for necropsy performed on 3 February 2011. The ultimate cause of death was premortem shark predation, though the proximate cause was chronic constrictive deep rope lacerations and severe emaciation (Moore et al. 2010, McLellan and Costidis2). Upon necropsy, we systematically removed, photographed, and described the remaining entangling gear. In total, the entanglement involved approximately 132 m of 1.12 cm diameter floating synthetic line, including six gangions find more and two fragments of vinyl coated trap mesh. This gear was consistent with that used in fixed trap/pot fisheries, though the target species could not be identified (Morin and Kenney 2011). We used a portion of the entangling gear in the experiments, below. To determine appropriate sedative dosages, we calculated a range of weight estimates based on a body length estimate (945 cm) obtained from aerial photographs of Eg 3911 next to a vessel of known Selleckchem Atezolizumab dimensions and four length-to-weight methodologies (Appendix S1). We found Eg 3911 to be 20% thinner than adult female right

whales (Miller et al. 2012) (see Appendix S1 for details). To consider this emaciation, we reduced weight estimates by 20%, to ~7,000 kg. We administered sedative via injection (Moore et al. 2010) of 14 mL (0.1 mg/kg body weight) each of 50 mg/mL Butorphanol and Midazolam (ZooPharm Inc., Windsor, CO), and sedative reversal via 7 mL (0.05 mg/kg) of 50 mg/mL Naloxone and 49 mL MCE公司 of 0.1 mg/mL Flumazenil. The reversal needle inserted fully, but on recovery it was discovered that the syringe had malfunctioned and the dose remained in the syringe barrel and was not administered. We also administered two doses of antibiotics (56 mL each; total 17.6 g of 220 mg/mL Ceftiofur; Pfizer Inc, Madison, NJ). Injections occurred via a ballistic syringe system (Paxarms, Timaru, New Zealand; Moore et al. 2010; Fig. 3), with the syringe attached to a stainless steel

leader tied to 20 m of 80 kg test line spooled at the projector barrel tip, and then tied to a custom float. The float is designed to extract the needle and provide a visual marker for retrieval (Moore et al. 2010). Prior to the disentanglement, we attached a Dtag at 1004 EDT on 15 January 2011 via suction cup just above the right lateral midline, midway between the blowhole and tail (Fig. 3). Deployment lasted 6:11 (h:min). The Dtag is equipped with depth and temperature sensors, 3-axis accelerometers and magnetometers sampling at 50 Hz, and a hydrophone sampling at 96 kHz (Johnson and Tyack 2003). We down-sampled sensor data to 5 Hz, and calibrated accelerometer and magnetometer measurements to account for the orientation of the tag on the whale (Johnson and Tyack 2003). We derived pitch and roll from the accelerometer and heading from the magnetometer measurements.