The monoclonal antibody-treated slides were raised in PBS solution

and incubated with a biotinylated secondary antibody (LSABR+ Kit DAKO). The slides were washed in PBS and then incubated with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (LSABR+ Kit, DAKO K 0675) for 15 minutes. After washing with PBS, a chromogenic reaction was developed by incubating with 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB+, Liquid K 3486 DAKO). Positive staining appeared as brown cell plasma or nucleus. The galectin-3 and EPZ-6438 research buy cyclin D1 expression was described as positive if more than 10% of cells were stained. Statistical method Statistical analysis was performed using the CSS Statistica for Windows (version 5.0). Chi-square test was used among two or multiple groups. Differences between samples were considered significant at p <

0.05. Survival curves were constructed using Kaplan-Meier method. Results The galectin-3 expression was revealed in 18 cases (38.29%). Only cytoplasmatic staining war observed. Figure 1 shows pictures of immunohistochemical staining (Figure 1). Figure 1 Immunohistochemical staining. A. negative immunostaining; B.positive cytoplasmatic cyclin D1 immunostaining; C.positive cytoplasmatic galectin-3 immunostaining. In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) galectin-3 expression was positive in 11 from 24 tumor specimens (45.83%), in adenocarcinoma in 4 from 15 (26,67%), in large cell carcinoma in 2 from 4 (50%) and in non- small cell lung cancer of unspecified type in 1 from 4 (25%). We compared galectin-3 expression in two main histopathogical BMN-673 types: SCC and adenocarcinoma, but any statistical significant differences were revealed (Chi2 Yatesa 0.74, p = 0.390). We didn’t perform comparison in another histopathological types because of the small numerous of the groups. In stage I galectin-3 was positive in 3 from 17 tumor specimen (17.65%), in stage II in 5 from 8 (62.5%), in stage III 7 from 16 (43.75%)

and in stage IV in 3 from 6 (50%). We didn’t reveal differences in galectin-3 expression depending on disease stage. We wanted also to analyze if chemotherapy before surgical treatment (neoadjuwant therapy) could change galectin-3 expression in tumour tissue, that is why we performed Protein kinase N1 comparison of galectin-3 expression in patients, who received neoadjuwant chemotherapy and patients, who didn’t receive chemotherapy before surgery. In the first group galectin-3 expression was positive in 5 tumour tissues from 12 (41.6%) and in the second group in 13 from 35 (37.14%). The difference was not significant. Moreover we compared galectin-3 expression in patients with lymph nodes metastases (N1 and N2) and in patients without (N0). In patients with lymph node metastases galectin-3 expression was revealed in 13 from 25 cases (52%), and without lymph node metastasis in 5 from 22 (22.7%). In Chi2 test the difference was significant (p = 0.