aureus AZD5582 solubility dmso infection in lungs. However, few studies about biofilm formation cooperated by S. aureus and the other species are reported. Therefore, could S. aureus and the other species in their focus areas form multispecies biofilms? Could AI-2 play an important role in this process? It is interesting to discuss the actual complex-flora interaction in human and social behaviour of the bacteria. Therefore, revelation of the AI-2-regulated biofilm formation in S. aureus possesses instructive meaning for these related studies. Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that AI-2 can decrease biofilm formation in S. aureus via an icaR-activation pathway. This study may provide clues for therapy in S. aureus biofilm-associated infection. Acknowledgments We thank our colleagues X. Zhang, Y. Bao for their kind help with the experiments, and X. Wu, Z.B Liu for their technical

assistance screening assay of the CLSM detection in the Experimental Centre of Life Science of University of Science and Selleck 4EGI-1 Technology of China. We thank the Network on Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (NARSA) for providing the bacterial strains. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970118, 31021061). Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Relative transcript levels of several adhesions. The levels of transcription of these genes including map, fnbA, fnbB, clfB, efb were measured by real-time RT-PCR in S. aureus WTp, ΔluxSp and ΔluxS complemented with a plasmid containing luxS gene for genetic complementation (ΔluxSpluxS). As the control, WT and ΔluxS were transformed with empty plasmid PLI50, constructing WTp and ΔluxSp. (PDF 310 KB) Additional file 2: Extracellular protein loaded on SDS-PAGE. The levels of extracellular-protein expression of biofilm bacteria, which were incubated at 37°C for 4 h and 24 h, were measured. (PDF 543 KB) Additional file 3: Triton X-100-stimulated autolysis. The autolysis find more of WT, ΔluxS and ΔluxSpluxS induced in 0.05 M Tris–HCl buffer containing 0.05% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 were measured. (PDF

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