The biosynthesis of lead nanoparticles was characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive atomic spectroscopy

(EDAX). UV–Vis absorption scan revealed a peak at 320 nm. XRD confirmed the presence of nanoparticles of cubic structure and transmission electron microscopy CDK inhibitors in clinical trials revealed the nanoparticle formed were in the range of 2–5 nm. 34 With these literature reported so far unearths the new applications of marine microbial flora toward greener fabrication of nanoparticles. The present review is first of its kind conferring the reports of marine microbes in synthesis of nanoparticles. Further extensive research can be valuable with promising strains isolated from various this website niches of marine environment toward the synthesis of nanoparticles in future decades. Synthesis of nanoparticles protocol by microorganisms is broadly grouped into intracellular synthesis method and extracellular method (Fig. 2). In intracellular synthesis protocol the microbial cell or cell filtrate is employed and challenged with optimized metal salt concentration and incubated for synthesis of nanoparticles where as in extracellular synthesis protocol the supernatant obtained after harvesting the microbial cell is employed in the synthesis

were in supernatant is challenged with metal salt concentration and incubated for production of nanoparticles. In both the protocols mentioned above physiological parameters such as pH, Temperature, Concentration of metal salts, Incubation type such as static or in shaker, Incubation period all play immense important role and influence synthesis of nanoparticles with precise shape and controlled size. Synthesis of nanoparticles are initially confirm by the UV–Visible spectral peak later the physiochemical characteristics is carried out by various much analytical microscopic techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM etc.16, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 and 47 The recent development and implementation of new technologies has led to new era,

the nano-revolution which unfolds role of biological synthesis of nanoparticles which seem to have drawn quite an unequivocal attention with a view of reformulating the green chemistry principle to develop eco-friendly production for nanoparticles which can be an alternative for most popular conventional methods. Among the biological employed microbes are being rapidly exploited from various niches for nanoparticle synthesis, the present study envisions toward exploiting marine microbial flora as emerging nanofactories. Further research in this area can open a new vista toward cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms that mediate the synthesis of biological nanoparticles. All authors have none to declare.