8 A critical observation on the data studied clearly indicate that plants
growing at polluted sites were badly affected and there was a significant reduction in number of parameters studied as compared to the plants growing at the control sites. Morphological characters were found to be decreased in polluted plant samples. Similar observations were recorded by Angadi and Mathad, 19989 who have studied the effects of Copper, Cadmium and Mercury on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scenedesmus quadricauada (Turp) de Breb. and found maximum inhibition in the growth, chlorophylls, total DNA, total RNA and protein contents of cells at the sites of higher metal concentrations. see more Therefore, it is observed from various studies that the same species respond differently under different conditions polluted and non-polluted. The stem anatomy of polluted plant samples when compared with those plant samples which were collected from control sites showed common characteristics viz. both type of trichomes,
collenchymas, parenchyma, pericycle, medullary vascular bundles open and endarch vascular bundles, but the ruptured endodermis presents only in polluted plant samples. Reduced secondary growth observed in present findings in polluted plant samples goes in conformity with the result of Jabeen and Abraham, 1998. 10 Chaudhari and Patil, 2001 11 also observed the inhibition and stimulation in xylem and phloem in pith region of several plant species growing under the stress conditions of polluted water. The PDK4 reduced high throughput screening compounds length of vessel elements coupled with their augmented frequency appears to be the significant adaptations to the stress of pollution. Microscopical studies related with leaf anatomy of polluted plants samples indicated that less trichomes frequency, less number of stomata, presences of collenchyma layers, reduced layer of spongy parenchyma with smaller cell sizes, lesser ground tissue, decreased ratio of
stomatal index and palisade; more numbers of crystals with bigger size in leaves of polluted plant samples. Salgare & Acharekar, 199112 have also reported a considerable decrease in size and frequency of stomata and epidermal cells of plants growing in polluted environment. Low stomatal frequency observed in the plants grown in polluted areas, may reflect adaptation of ecotypic significance in regulating the limited and controlled entry of harmful gaseous pollutants into the plants tissues, especially when the plant grown in polluted area. The response of plants varies in accordance to varying nature of pollutants their concentrations. Powder analysis of Chenopodium showed that elements of xylem and phloem were smaller in size in polluted plant samples.