46 ndhC Z00044 TTCCAATGCCCCCTTTC ATGGGCGATGCTTGGTT 90.45 rps2

Z00044 TTCGGGAGACGGTTGAGT GCAGCAAGTAGGGGAAAACA 95.17 rps3 Z00044 GGGGAACCCTACCTTCTCTG CCGAAAACTGAACATTGCTG 96.28 rps11 Z00044 GCGGAGGACCAAGAAACTAC TGGCAAAAGCTATACCGAAA 88.85 rpoC2 Z00044 GTTGTGCCCGAAAGGTTATG TCTGTGAGTCCTCGGAATGG 92.59 Photosynthesis genes of interest Nuclear-encoded     psbO AY220076 CGTGTGCCCTTCCTCTTCA GATCCACCCCGTCCCTTT 114.10     atpC X63606 CCCCTCACCAAAGTAAGACC GCCTGCGGATGAAATAAGA 108.30 Plastid-encoded     petD Z00044 ATTGGTGAACCGGCAGA GCTACTGGACGGCGAAA 107.51     psbE Z00044 TATTCATTGCGGGTTGGTT ATTCCTTGTCGGCTCTCTGT 111.88     psaA Z00044 TGGCTTTGTTGCCTATTCC CTCTTCCAGGTCCATCACAA 113.28     psaB Z00044 GCTTGGACAGGGCATTTAG ACTACTTGAATCGGGGTTTTG 107.59 Real-time PCR and data analysis XMU-MP-1 datasheet C646 chemical structure Real-time PCR using FAST SYBR Green I technology was performed on an ABI PRISM 7500 sequence detection system (Applied Biosystems) and universal “FAST” cycling conditions (10 min 95°C, 40 cycles of 15 s at 95°C and 60 s at 60°C), followed by the generation of a dissociation curve to check for specificity of the amplification. Reactions contained SYBR Green Master Mix (Applied Biosystems), 300 nM of a gene specific forward and reverse primer and 2.5 μl of the diluted cDNA in a 25 μl reaction. “No template

controls” contained 2.5 μl RNase free water instead of the cDNA. Primer efficiencies were calculated as E = 10−1/slope on a standard curve generated, using a four or twofold dilution series over at least five Adenosine triphosphate dilution points that were measured in duplicate of a mixed sample Selleckchem Caspase inhibitor containing all the different genotypes. Expression levels of each sample were calculated via the standard curve and expressed relative

to the sample with highest expression before geNorm v3.4 (Vandesompele et al. 2002) and NormFinder (Andersen et al. 2004) analysis. The expression levels of the genes, normalized with the nuclear or plastid normalization factor, were statistically analysed. Statistical significant differences (α < 0.05) were evaluated using SAS v. 9.1.3 software by a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results Correlation of cytokinin levels with IPT-gene or CKX1-gene Cytokinin levels in leaves of transgenic and corresponding control tobacco plants were analysed. Table 2 gives an overview of the average cytokinin content in roots of control and transgenic plants and the relative expression level of the transgene (IPT, CKX). Table 2 Average (±error) cytokinin content (pmol g−1 fresh weight) and relative expression of CKX1 and IPT (normalized using nuclear-encoded reference genes) in leaves of Pssu-ipt and 35S:CKX1 tobacco plants and their corresponding control plants pmol g−1 fresh weight Pssu-ipt Control (WT-PSSU) 35S:CKX1 Control (WT-CKX) Zeatin (Z) 17.38 ± 3.21 1.37 ± 0.44 0.55 ± 0.26 0.06 ± 0.06 Zeatin riboside (ZR) 46.04 ± 13.14 2.15 ± 0.55 0.056 ± 0.02 0.14 ± 0.06 Dihydrozeatin (DHZ) 2.47 ± 0.53 0.18 ± 0.06 0.05 ± 0.04 0.