The survey consisted of 4 questions asking each subject to describe their feelings of energy, fatigue, alertness and focus for that moment. Following the completion of the questionnaire subjects performed a 2-minute quickness and reaction test on the buy LY2603618 Makoto testing device (Makoto USA, Centennial CO) and a 20-second Wingate Anaerobic Power test. Following a 10-minute rest subjects repeated the testing sequence (T2) and after a similar rest period a third and final testing sequence was performed (T3). The study protocol is depicted in Figure 1. Figure 1 Study Protocol. WAnt = Wingate Anaerobic Power

Test. Reaction test The measure of reaction time was assessed using the Makoto testing device MK-0457 purchase (Makoto USA, Centennial CO). The Makoto device is in the shape of a triangle that is eight feet from base to apex (see Figure 2). It consists of three steel towers that are six feet high. Each tower contains ten targets. For each test the subject stood in the middle of the triangle holding a padded staff with both hands and faced one of the towers selleck screening library with the other two in his peripheral vision. The reaction test began with a loud auditory stimulus. During the next two minutes subjects were required to react to both a visual (targets light up) and auditory (loud gong) stimulus. As the gong sounded and the

light on the target lit up the subject was required to lunge and make contact with the target using the staff. Subjects had to make contact to the target prior to the light and sound stopping. If the subject made contact with the target within the required time it was registered as a ‘hit’. Subjects were required to make as many contacts as possible within the 2-min period. A total of three trials

were conducted (one trial during each 10 min period) and the average number of hits was determined and the average percentage of hits [(successful contacts/total number of possible stimuli)*100] was calculated. Figure 2 Makoto Testing Device. The Makoto testing device has 12 levels of skill. Thymidylate synthase All tests for this study were conducted at the highest level (level 12). All subjects completed familiarization sessions prior to entering the study. All familiarization sessions started at level 7. To advance to the next level subjects needed to be within 10% of their score for two consecutive trials (plateau effect). Advancements were made two levels at a time. For instance, subjects performed familiarization sessions at levels 7, 9 and 11. Subjects performed on average 9.5 ± 1.9 familiarization sessions. Anaerobic power measure To quantify anaerobic power performance all subjects performed a modified Wingate anaerobic power test (Lode Excalibur, Groningen, The Netherlands). After a warm-up period of 5 min of pedaling at 60 rpm interspersed with an all-out sprint lasting 5 s, the subjects pedaled for 20 s at maximal speed against a constant force (1.2 Nm·kg-1).