05 by ANOVA. Bioavailability of zinc following intra-tumoral injection Because of the

promising results of arrested prostate cancer cell growth following zinc injection, we next turned our attention to the biodistribution of the zinc in this context. We began with simple subcutaneous this website injections of zinc VX-689 clinical trial acetate in otherwise un-treated SCID mice and found that single injections of zinc result in a rapid increase in serum zinc levels as early as 10 minutes after administration (figure 3A). However, serum zinc levels peak in 90 minutes and return to normal physiological levels within 24 hours (figure 3A). We next examined the pharmacokinetics of intra-tumoral injection of zinc acetate into our prostate cancer xenografts model. The resulting kinetics of zinc distribution are similar: serum zinc levels rise quite rapidly after tumor injection, reaching a maximum within 90 minutes, followed by a steady decline to baseline levels within 24 hours (figure 3B). A significant difference is that peak serum zinc levels are considerably less when injected into tumors then subcutaneously indicating either slower release from tumor tissue or significant uptake into tumor tissue. Figure 3 Serum Zinc Levels after Subcutaneous or Intratumoral Zinc Injection. Serum levels were measured at

the indicated times following either a subcutaneous (A) or an intratumoral (B) single 200 μL injection of 3 mM zinc acetate. Data is presented as an average and errors bars indicate the standard deviation of Niclosamide four mice (n = 4). We also sought to examine www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html the homing of zinc to different tissues, following a single intra-tumoral injection. As shown in figure 4A, although the liver displayed the greatest concentration of zinc, there is no significant difference in zinc levels after zinc administration, although we observed

considerable variability between animals. Similarly, there appears to be a reproducible but statistically insignificant accumulation of zinc within the xenograft tumors, even after a single administration (figure 4A). We then extended these observations to conditions of chronic zinc administration and found that our intratumoral zinc injection protocol results in a substantial increase in zinc levels within the tumor xenograft cells, but not in any brain, heart, kidney, or liver (figure 4B). This confirms our supposition that intra-tumoral injection allows for a much higher local concentration of zinc, which in turn may overcome impaired zinc import and thus, increased partitioning of therapeutic zinc into the diseased prostate tissue. Figure 4 Tissue Zinc Concentration After Acute or Chronic Zinc Administration. Levels of zinc were measured in specific tissues following either a single (A) or chronic (B) 200 μL injections of 3 mM zinc acetate. Data is presented as an average and errors bars indicate the standard deviation of four mice (n = 4).