We recommend that except where technical considerations require a biatrial technique, bicaval anastomoses should be performed for heart transplantation. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:700-8)”
“Compensated respiratory acidosis has been observed in a significant number of patients with

active vestibular disease. We therefore hypothesized that the inner ear may play an unrecognized integral role in respiratory control. To test this premise, we investigated whether mice with induced inner ear injury demonstrated any alteration in their respiratory response to inhaled carbon dioxide (CO(2)). Experimental mice and control mice were selleck inhibitor included in two separate experiments. Intra-tympanic gentamycin injections were administered to induce inner ear damage in experimental animals. Hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction were tested 1-week after injections to confirm presence of inner ear insult, following which the animal’s respiratory response to inhalation of 8% CO(2) was examined. Mice with inner ear injury (n=60) displayed a significantly diminished hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR). This contrasted with the normal HCVR seen in control mice that had not undergone tympanic injections (n=30), Torin 1 clinical trial controls that received tympanic injections with saline (n=5), and controls that had gentamicin administered systemically

(n=5). In response to inspired CO(2), the mean respiratory frequency of control mice increased by an average of 50% over their baseline values for both parts of the experiment. In contrast, the ear-damaged experimental group mean values increased by only three breaths per minute (bpm) (2%) in the first experiment and by 28 bpm (11%) in the second experiment. Inner ear damage significantly reduces the respiratory response to CO(2) inhalation. In addition to the established role of the inner ear organ in hearing and balance, this alludes to an unidentified

function Thiamet G of the inner ear and its interconnecting neuronal pathways in respiratory regulation. This finding may offer valuable new clues for disease states with abnormal respiratory control where inner ear dysfunction may be present. (C) 2011 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) family (also known as the regenerating gene (Reg) family) is a group of 16 kDa secretory proteins structurally classified as the calcium dependent-type lectin superfamily. Some PAP family members are expressed in neurons following peripheral nerve injury and traumatic brain injury. To determine whether PAP family members are expressed in non-traumatic brain injury, expressions were analyzed following kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure.