, 2006) than in this study. Otherwise our results and conclusions remain the same; the excess risk was highest among those aged 20–29 years, and among females. Mortality among buprenorphine clients and other clients was similar. Drug-related deaths were the most common causes of deaths among both buprenorphine and other clients. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. “
“Worldwide, marijuana is among the most widely used illicit drugs (UNODC, 2012). According SNS032 to the European Drug Report 2013, 85 million adults, a quarter of the European population, have used drugs, and 77 million have used cannabis (EMCDDA, 2013). Increasing number of studies show that cannabis

is associated with a variety of psychiatric and somatic diseases, such as anxiety (Degenhardt et al., 2012), schizophrenia (Andréasson et al., 1987 and Zammit et al., 2002), depression (Lev-Ran et al., 2013), dependence (Cox et al., 2007), lung cancer (Callaghan et al., 2013), and myocardial infarction (Thomas et al., 2014). Still, much of the relationship between cannabis use and health effects remains unclear. Furthermore, cannabis use seems to be associated with a range of social and socioeconomic consequences, Bortezomib such as impaired cognitive functioning

(Harvey et al., 2007), low educational attainment (Horwood et al., 2010 and Legley et al., 2010), and educational problems (Degenhardt et al., 2010). Also, cannabis use has been found to be systematically higher in individuals with a low socioeconomic position (Redonnet et al., 2012). One recent study related cannabis use with lower work commitment (Hyggen, 2012) and another showed Etomidate that frequent cannabis users tend to be at increased risk for receiving social welfare assistance (Pedersen, 2011). However, the number of studies in this area is few, and there is to our knowledge no previous study investigating the possible impact of cannabis use on future disability pension (DP). DP can be granted to any person in Sweden aged 16–65 years if working capacity is judged to be permanently reduced due to long-standing

illness or injury (Statistics Sweden, 2009). In most cases, it provides full-time compensation and implies a permanent exclusion from the labor market. Sweden is among the countries with the highest prevalence and largest public spending on DP (OECD, 2009). In 2010 approximately 8% of the Swedish population received DP with psychiatric and musculoskeletal disorders as the most common diagnoses (Mulder, 2011). Previous studies have reported an association between lower cognitive ability and DP (Sörberg et al., 2013), and lower level of education and DP (Johansson et al., 2012). Also, mild psychological distress, personality characteristics (e.g., low emotional control), low frequency of physical activity, tobacco use and alcohol use in adolescence, especially “risk use”, have been associated with increased risk of obtaining DP (Rai et al., 2012, Ropponen and Svedberg, 2013, Sidorchuk et al.