We further categorized the inpatient population into those who had VCE placed within 3 days and after 3 days of admission and examined the association between time of placement and detection of active bleeding and active bleeding with angioectasia via t tests

of proportions. We similarly examined the relationship between successful therapeutic intervention and comorbidities and timing of VCE placement. Additionally, we compared timing of VCE placement with length of stay through t tests of means. In all instances, a P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Finally, we conducted post-hoc power calculations on key outcomes of interest to assess whether lack of significance was likely Nutlin-3 manufacturer because of low power or to a truly small effect. All statistical analyses were conducted by using SAS 9.2

software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA), whereas post-hoc power calculations were performed by using Power Analysis and Sample Size (PASS 11.0, NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA). Because this was a retrospective study, with data collected from previously recorded data, the study was waived for Bafilomycin A1 a full review by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Massachusetts Medical Center and received expedited approval. The study design, including distribution of the patients, is showed in Figure 1, and patient demographics are presented in Table 1. A positive result was defined as active bleeding, angioectasia, red spot, tumor, ulcer, or bleeding outside of the small intestine (stomach or colon). The overall yield of VCE was 65.9% (95 of 144) for the inpatient population versus 53.4% (62 of 116) for the outpatient population Unoprostone (P = .054).

Red spots were included in the list of positive findings but were not included in the analysis. Findings of VCE for inpatients are presented in Table 2. The mean hematocrit on admission was 26.8% ± 6%. The inpatient population was further divided into those who had VCE placed within 3 days of admission (n = 90) and those who had VCE placed after 3 days of admission (n = 54) for OOGIB. We were interested in lesions in which endoscopic intervention was potentially feasible. We therefore looked specifically at patients with either active bleeding or angioectasia. Active bleeding was found in 28.9% of the <3-day cohort (26 of 90) compared with 13.0% of the >3-day cohort (7 of 54) (P = .028) ( Fig. 2). The yield to find either an active bleed and/or an angioectasia was 44.4% in the <3-day cohort (40 of 90) versus 27.8% in the >3-day cohort (15 of 54) (P = .046) ( Fig. 2). Two VCEs from each cohort showed evidence of both an active bleed and one or more angioectasia. Detection of active bleeding declined progressively for each day after admission (Fig. 3) as did the detection of active bleeding and angioectasia for each day after admission (Fig. 4) for the inpatient population.