05), and NDF and CP disappearance rates were increased when animals were fed the SBP13 diet. No significant differences

were observed for pH, ammonia concentration, or total or individual VFA in the ruminal liquor of sheep at different sampling times after feeding (P > 0.23) in response to vinasse addition. Experiment 4 was designed to study digestibility, solid passage rate, and excretion A-1331852 purchase of purine derivatives from 12 Merino ewes fed SBP0 and SBP13. Digestibility of NDF tended to be greater (P < 0.10) for the SBP13 group compared with the SBP0 group; digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, and ADF were not affected (P > 0.11). Digesta flow kinetics and urinary excretion of purine derivatives were not significantly affected by the presence (SBP13) or absence (SBP0) of vinasse in the diet (P > 0.21). In conclusion, sheep showed a clear preference for SBP with vinasse. However, the lack of significant differences in most of the in vivo variables measured indicates that ewes can be satisfactorily fed with any of the amounts of vinasse inclusion selleck kinase inhibitor studied.”
“Vulcanized natural rubber (NR) under quiescent thermal oxidation aging and high temperature fatigue loading with small strain amplitude was investigated by the infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy measurements. IR results demonstrated the thermal oxidation degradation

process of vulcanized NR at 85 degrees C. During high temperature fatigue loading, nanoscale

cracks and voids that are generated by the combined impact of thermal oxidation and cyclic loading were detected. Further investigation suggests that the nucleation effect of dissolved vapor and gas in the low molecular weight domains of the NR under fatigue loading accounts for the appearance of nanocracks. This work provides some new insight into the crack initiation mechanism of NR during high temperature fatigue loading, which has not been clearly understood. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“The reaction between a graphene sheet and an incident MRT67307 clinical trial hydrogen atom was clarified through a classical molecular dynamics simulation based on the modified Brenner’s reactive empirical bond order potential under the NVE condition, in which the number of particles (N), volume (V), and total energy (E) are conserved. The energy dependence of three types of reaction (i.e., adsorption, reflection, and penetration) for the oblique injection of a hydrogen atom into a graphene sheet was investigated. The reaction depends on the energy and two angular parameters, namely, the polar angle theta and the azimuthal angle phi of the incident hydrogen atom. The reflection and adsorption rates were found to strongly depend on theta. This dependence is caused by the three-dimensional structure of small potential barriers that cover adsorption sites (i.e.