The mRNA findings were confirmed at the enzyme activity level by measuring the glucuronidation of 1-naphthol, a

very good substrate for UGT1A6, as well as estradiol that is not glucuronidated by this enzyme. The results revealed that 1-naphthol glucuronidation activity was high in both the differentiated and undifferentiated cells, whereas estradiol glucuronidation was only detected in the differentiated cells. Thus, Caco-2 cell differentiation plays a major role in UGT expression and ensuing metabolic reactions.”
“Osteoarticular complications are common in human brucellosis, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this manuscript, we described an immune mechanism for inflammatory bone loss in response to infection by Brucella abortus. We established a requirement for MyD88 and TLR2 in TNF-alpha-elicited osteoclastogenesis in response to B. abortus infection. CS from macrophages infected GSK461364 mw with B. abortus induced BMM to www.selleckchem.com/products/pnd-1186-vs-4718.html undergo osteoclastogenesis. Although B. abortus-infected macrophages actively secreted IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, osteoclastogenesis depended on TNF-alpha, as CS from B. abortus-infected macrophages failed to induce osteoclastogenesis in BMM from TNFRp55(-/-) mice. CS from B. abortus-stimulated

MyD88(-/-) and TLR2(-/-) macrophages failed to express TNF-alpha, and these CS induced no osteoclast formation compared with that of the WT or TLR4(-/-) macrophages. Omp19, a B. abortus lipoprotein model, recapitulated the cytokine production and subsequent osteoclastogenesis induced by the whole bacterium. All phenomena were corroborated using BV-6 solubility dmso human monocytes, indicating that this mechanism could play a role in human osteoarticular brucellosis. Our results 4 indicate that B. abortus, through its lipoproteins, may be involved

in bone resorption through the pathological induction of osteoclastogenesis. J. Leukoc. Biol. 91: 285-298; 2012.”
“The late-phase of long-term potentiation (L-LTP), the cellular correlate of long-term memory, induced at some synapses facilitates L-LTP expression at other synapses receiving stimulation too weak to induce L-LTP by itself. Using glutamate uncaging and two-photon imaging, we demonstrate that the efficacy of this facilitation decreases with increasing time between stimulations, increasing distance between stimulated spines and with the spines being on different dendritic branches. Paradoxically, stimulated spines compete for L-LTP expression if stimulated too closely together in time. Furthermore, the facilitation is temporally bidirectional but asymmetric. Additionally, L-LTP formation is itself biased toward occurring on spines within a branch. These data support the Clustered Plasticity Hypothesis, which states that such spatial and temporal limits lead to stable engram formation, preferentially at synapses clustered within dendritic branches rather than dispersed throughout the dendritic arbor.

Kir currents of SGCs around spontaneously active neurons were significantly reduced I day after compression but recovered by 7 days. These data demonstrate rapid alterations in glial membrane currents and GFAP expression in close temporal association with the development of neuronal hyperexcitability in the CCD model of neuropathic pain. However, selleck compound these alterations are not fully sustained and suggest other mechanisms for the maintenance of the hyperexcitable state. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.”
“OBJECTIVES To examine the practice of urology in ancient Egypt using various sources, including the Edwin Smith and Ebers Papyri.

The sources of knowledge of ancient Egyptian medicine include medical papyri, paleopathology, art, and hieroglyphic carvings.\n\nMETHODS A brief overview of the medical system in ancient Egypt was completed, in addition to an examination of the training and specialization of the

physician in the ancient world. Urologic diseases treated in ancient Egypt and some of the first documented urologic surgeries are presented. Finally, Belinostat cost we studied the role of the physician-priest and the intertwined use of religion and magic in ancient Egyptian medicine.\n\nRESULTS The same medical conditions urologists treat in the office today were methodically documented thousands of years ago. Medical papyri show evidence that the ancient Egyptians practiced medicine using a scientific method based on the clinical observation of disease. This has been exemplified by the Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus, a collection of surgical cases that gives a diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis for each ailment, and the discovery of medical specialization in ancient Egypt, giving us perhaps the world’s first urologists. Intertwined with the scientific method was also the rich mysticism and religion of ancient Egypt, which were integral components Of the healing process.\n\nCONCLUSIONS We present an overview of the practice of urology in ancient Egypt, in terms of both pharmacologic

and surgical intervention, as well as with a look into the religion of medicine practiced at that time. UROLOGY 73: 476-479, 2009. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc.”
“This study aimed to examine the usefulness of the self-monitoring of urinary salt excretion for educating individuals about the risk of excessive dietary salt intake. selleck chemical The subjects were 30 volunteers (15 men and 15 women) not consuming anti-hypertensive medication. The subjects measured urinary salt excretion at home for 4 weeks using a self-monitoring device. Blood pressure (BP), anthropometric variables and nutritional variables (by a dietary-habits questionnaire) were measured before and after the measurement of urinary salt excretion. Statistical analyses were performed, including paired 123 t-tests, Chi-square test, Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis. In all subjects, the average urinary salt excretion over 4 weeks was 8.05+/-1.

It was found that the evaluation of protein adsorption based on the interaction force measurement is useful for low-protein adsorption surfaces. It was demonstrated that an extremely hydrophilic and flexible surface could weaken the protein interactions at the surface, resulting in greater resistance to protein adsorption.”
“Purpose/Objective(s): This study evaluated the efficacy and

toxicity of proton therapy for functional pituitary adenomas (FPAs). Methods and Materials: We analyzed 165 patients with FPAs who were treated at a single institution with proton therapy between 1992 and 2012 and had at least 6 months of follow-up. All but 3 patients underwent prior resection, and 14 received prior photon irradiation. Proton stereotactic radiosurgery was used for 92% of patients, with a median BTSA1 nmr dose of 20 Gy(RBE). The remainder received fractionated stereotactic proton therapy. Time to biochemical complete response (CR, defined as bigger than = 3 months of normal laboratory values with no medical treatment), local control, and adverse effects are reported. Results:

With a median follow-up time of 4.3 years (range, 0.5-20.6 years) for 144 evaluable patients, the actuarial 3-year CR rate and the median time to CR were 54% and 32 months among 74 patients with Cushing disease (CD), 63% and 27 months among 8 patients with Nelson syndrome (NS), 26% and 62 months among 50 patients with acromegaly, and 22% and 60 months among 9 patients with prolactinomas, respectively. One of 3 patients with thyroid

stimulating hormone-secreting check details tumors achieved CR. Actuarial time to CR was significantly shorter for corticotroph FPAs (CD/NS) compared learn more with other subtypes (P=.001). At a median imaging follow-up time of 43 months, tumor control was 98% among 140 patients. The actuarial 3-year and 5-year rates of development of new hypopituitarism were 45% and 62%, and the median time to deficiency was 40 months. Larger radiosurgery target volume as a continuous variable was a significant predictor of hypopituitarism (adjusted hazard ratio 1.3, P=.004). Four patients had new-onset postradiosurgery seizures suspected to be related to generously defined target volumes. There were no radiation-induced tumors. Conclusions: Proton irradiation is an effective treatment for FPAs, and hypopituitarism remains the primary adverse effect. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc.”
“We compared the effects of tempol (300 mu mol kg(-1) plus 300 mu mol kg(-1) h(-1), n = 14) and candesartan (10 mu g kg plus 10 mu g kg(-1) h(-1),n = 14) on renal haemodynamics, excretory function, and responses to electrical stimulation of the renal nerves (RNS) in lean and obese rabbits under pentobarbitone anaesthesia. Depressor responses to tempol (-16 +/- 2 mmHg) and candesartan (-12 +/- 1 mmHg) were similar. Candesartan, but not tempo!, significantly increased basal renal blood flow (RBF; + 36 +/- 7%).

“
“Purpose: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of self-reported measures of individuals’ perceptions of the racial and ethnic composition of their communities with objective data (i.e., census) as the criterion standard and assess differences in concordance

in subjective and objective measures of segregation by race and ethnicity. Methods: We examined data from 943 adult community health center visitors in Suffolk County, New York to assess differences between self-reported racial composition of current neighborhood and 2010 U.S. Census data. A cross-sectional convenience sample was obtained; questionnaires were used to compare participant responses about the racial composition of their current neighborhood and their town of find more residence. Results: Respondents who self-identified as white were more likely to self-report racial composition of their neighborhood consistent with 2010 Census estimates. Relative to census estimates, 93.1% of blacks overestimated the proportion of their current

neighborhood that was black, and 69.8% of Hispanics overestimated the proportion that was Hispanic. Conclusions: There were statistically significant differences between the participants’ self-reported neighborhood racial composition and census data across race and ethnicity groups. Future studies are needed to validate self-reported Torin 1 cell line measures of individuals’ perceptions of the racial and ethnic composition of their

communities to examine the association between individual segregation SNX-5422 cell line experience and health. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Introduction: Anesthetic preconditioning protects cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced injury, but it is ineffective in patients with diabetes mellitus. To address the role of hyperglycemia in the inability of diabetic individuals to be preconditioned, we used human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-iPSC- and N-iPSC-CMs, respectively) to investigate the efficacy of preconditioning in varying glucose conditions (5, 11, and 25 mM).\n\nMethods: Induced pluripotent stem cells were induced to generate cardiomyocytes by directed differentiation. For subsequent studies, cardiomyocytes were identified by genetic labeling with enhanced green fluorescent protein driven by a cardiac-specific promoter. Cell viability was analyzed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Confocal microscopy was utilized to measure opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the mitochondrial adenosine 5′-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels.\n\nResults: Isoflurane (0.5 mM) preconditioning protected N-iPSC- and DM-iPSC-CMs from oxidative stress-induced lactate dehydrogenase release and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening in 5 mM and 11 mM glucose.

The methods are illustrated using the growth-related hormones data from the Growth and Maturation in Children with Autism or Autistic Spectrum Disorder Study (Autism/ASD Study). Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley &

Sons, Ltd.”
“Small-cell lung cancer and other aggressive neuroendocrine cancers are often associated with early dissemination and frequent metastases. We demonstrate that neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) learn more is a regulatory hub securing cross talk among survival and migratory-inducing signaling pathways in neuroendocrine lung carcinomas. We find that NeuroD1 promotes tumor cell survival and metastasis in aggressive neuroendocrine lung tumors through regulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Like TrkB, the prometastatic signaling molecule neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a downstream target of NeuroD1, whose impaired expression mirrors loss of NeuroD1. TrkB and NCAM may be therapeutic targets for aggressive neuroendocrine cancers that

express NeuroD1.”
“Objective: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has become a frequently used free flap for head and neck reconstruction. Widespread use has been based on literature of ALT flap thickness performed primarily in Asian populations. To our knowledge, to date there has not been a comprehensive analysis of the anthropomorphic parameters of this flap in the Western population, in which it is often much thicker, thereby ACY-738 order potentially limiting its utility.\n\nMethods: Computed tomographic angiograms of 106 patients were assessed, NCT-501 mouse yielding 196 lower-extremity scans examined for volumetric characteristics and vascular anatomical variations.\n\nResults: Perforator vessels were

located in 88.8% of scans, and most commonly located were a hybrid musculoseptocutaneous vessel (52.3%) followed by septocutaneous (33.9%) and musculocutaneous (13.8%) vessels. The midpoint perforator was located within +/- 2% of the midpoint of the total thigh length in only 47% of legs. The proximal and distal perforators were located 52.7 and 58.6 mm from the midpoint, respectively. Subcutaneous fat thickness differed significantly by sex, with mean male and female thicknesses of 9.9 mm and 19.9 mm(P<.001), respectively. Thickness increased with increasing body mass index, especially in women.\n\nConclusion: This study used computed tomographic angiography to characterize the ALT flap vasculature and thickness, providing a degree of predictability to these 2 highly variable flap characteristics.”
“Culture-independent molecular characterization of infecting Leptospira human blood specimens from a 2008 outbreak of human leptospirosis in central Sri Lanka was carried out. Of 58 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction-positive samples analyzed for seven multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) housekeeping genes (mreA, pfkB, pntA, sucA, tpiA, fadD, and glmU), interpretable data was obtained from 12 samples.

In contrast with what was the case for molded unmodified gluten, Bioactive Compound Library cell assay covalent cross-linking in molded modified gluten (MG) was minimal to non-existent after molding at 130 degrees C. However, the flexural strength of modified samples was significantly better than that of unmodified

samples. Increasing the molding temperature and thereby altering the degree of cross-linking in the molded MG network did not have any effect on mechanical properties determined by both flexural and compression tests. With increasing levels of glycerol, the decrease in flexural strength and increase in flexural strain was less pronounced for molded MG than for molded unmodified gluten. We postulate that exposing gluten to disulfide reducing agents (such as thiol functionalized additives) enhances intermolecular secondary interactions and increases the number of molecular entanglements, which in turn contribute to improving the mechanical properties of rigid gluten materials. These effects are at least as important as chemical (disulfide) cross-links, which some multifunctional thiol additives may introduce. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights

reserved.”
“The national Finnish guidelines Ricolinostat for medical treatment of hip fracture patients are: anti-osteoporotic drugs and the daily concomitant use of calcium plus vitamin D supplements. We investigated the incidence, the fracture type and the side of all second hip fractures among 221 consecutive hip fracture patients who were followed up for 5 years. The medication of the patients and the time interval this website between the first and second hip fracture were analyzed. Of the patients 12% (26/221) sustained a second hip fracture. The type of fracture was in most cases (76%) the same as in the first

case, more often in trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures than in cervical fractures. The mean interval between the fractures was 4 +/- 4.2 years (+/-S.D.); 3.2 +/- 3.5 years in men and 4.4 +/- 4.4 years in women. The number of patients using polypharmacy (5 or more drugs daily) was 9/25 (36%) at the time of the first hip fracture and 17/25 (68%) at the time of the second hip fracture. The use of at least one psychotropic drug regularly rose from 9/25 (36%) to 16 (64%) between the two fractures. Concomitant use of calcium plus vitamin D and anti-osteoporotic drugs was insufficient among the patients. More effort should be focused on the secondary prevention following the first hip fracture. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“A2E is one of the bis-retinoid pyridinium compounds that accumulate as lipofuscin pigments in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in association with aging and in some inherited forms of retinal degeneration.

The author diagnosed the tumor as malignant myoepithelioma, as myoepithelial markers (C10, p63, S100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, caldesmon) were positive, and also because there was a transition between the tumor cells and myoepithelium of non-tumorous ducts. The grade of the tumor was high. The patient was treated with chemoradiation and was free of disease 5 months after the operation.”
“Objective: To investigate whether a topographic correlation exists between beta-zone parapapillary atrophy (PPA) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect. The location and extent of the beta-zone were examined.\n\nDesign:

Retrospective, cross-sectional study.\n\nParticipants: One hundred twenty-eight eyes from 128 consecutive patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and a single localized RNFL defect were Blebbistatin cell line included.\n\nMethods: Digital optic disc photographs of the enrolled eyes were reviewed and eyes with beta-zone PPA were identified. The topographic parameters of beta-zone PPA and RNFL defect were measured on optic disc photographs find more and digital red-free RNFL photographs. The association between these parameters was examined statistically.\n\nMain Outcome Measures: Angular location

and angular extent of beta-zone PPA and RNFL defect, angular location of point of maximum radial extent (PMRE) of beta-zone PPA, and beta-zone PPA-to-disc area ratio.\n\nResults: Eighty-two (64.1%) of the 128 eyes with a single localized RNFL defect had beta-zone PPA. Patients selleck chemical with beta-zone PPA were younger (by 6.6 years) than those without beta-zone PPA (P = 0.001). beta-Zone PPA was located most commonly inferotemporally (65.9%). The RNFL defect was located in the same hemifield as the beta-zone PPA in 76% of eyes and was located in the same hemifield as PMRE in 88% of eyes. The angular location of the RNFL defect showed a linear correlation with

those of beta-zone PPA (r = 0.390; P < 0.001) and PMRE (r = 0.558; P < 0.001). The angular extent of RNFL defect was not correlated significantly with that of beta-zone PPA (P = 0.106), but it was associated weakly with beta-zone PPA-to-disc area ratio (r = 0.197; P = 0.026). The angular extent of the RNFL defect also was correlated with the cup-to-disc ratio (r = 0.322; P < 0.001) and the cup-to-disc area ratio (r = 0.337; P = 0.002).\n\nConclusions: In POAG, a localized RNFL defect is correlated spatially with beta-zone PPA.\n\nFinancial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Ophthalmology 2013;120: 528-534 (C) 2013 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

Taking advantage of the ancient loss of thymidine kinase in the fungal kingdom, we have developed the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene as a selectable and counterselectable

marker that forms the core of novel genome engineering tools called the Haploid Engineering and Replacement Protocol (HERP) cassettes. Here we show that these cassettes allow a researcher to rapidly generate heterogeneous populations of cells with thousands of independent chromosomal allele replacements using mixed PCR products. We further show that the high efficiency of this approach enables the simultaneous replacement of both alleles in diploid cells. Using these new techniques, many of the most powerful BMS-754807 yeast genetic manipulation strategies are now available in wild, selleck chemicals llc industrial, and

other prototrophic strains from across the diverse Saccharomyces genus.”
“Based on the recent ascertaining studies of type specimens, the new systematic placement for one subgenus and three species of oribatid mites of the family Galumnidae (Acari, Oribatida) are proposed, resulting in the following taxonomic proposals: Pergalumna (Bigalumna) Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp, 2009 stat. nov., P. (B.) rimosa (Mahunka & MahunkaPapp, 2009) comb. nov., Allogalumna quadrimaculata (Mahunka, 1988) comb. nov. and A. brevisetosa (Bayartogtokh & Weigmann, 2005) comb. nov. The initial taxonomic position of the species, Galumna scripta buy Mizoribine Balogh & Mahunka, 1966, is supported. Some details on important morphological characters of these species are provided.”
“The IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1), also known as MAVS/VISA/Cardif, is an adaptor molecule for the retinoic-acid-inducible protein I (RIG-I) or melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) that recognizes intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and triggers a signal for producing type I IFN. In the present study, porcine IPS-1 cDNA was cloned, using RT-PCR coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR, from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear

cells. The open reading frame of porcine IPS-1 consists of 1575 bp encoding 524 amino acids. The putative porcine IPS-1 protein contains a N-terminal CARD-like domain, a central proline-rich domain, a C-terminal transmembrane domain, and exhibits similarity to mouse, rat, monkey, human and cattle counterparts, ranging from 59% to 79%. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that porcine IPS-1 mRNA was widely expressed in different tissues. Porcine kidney (PK-15) cells transfected with a DNA construct encoding porcine IPS-1 produced type I IFN, and activated IRF3 and NF-kB. Deletion mutant analyses further revealed that both the CARD-like domain and transmembrane domain are essential for these functions.

The document sources were in print, iconographic and literature referring to the History of Brazil, the Press, Advertising and of Nursing. The medication advertisements, analyzed using an analysis matrix based on concepts of semiotics, were obtained from the Fon-Fon Magazine. The study showed that the analyzed advertisements

invested in object representations used by nurses to gain reliability regarding the medication being announced.”
“This study presents for the first time the identification of Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-80 in 6 dogs stemming from Algeria and Tunisia using the method of comparative electrophoresis migration of the parasite iso-enzymes. SBE-β-CD As this enzymatic variant has been already described in humans with cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis in south Europe and in the Maghreb (Algeria and Tunisia). these observations reinforce the role of the dog as the principal reservoir host for Leishmania infantum complex.”
“Zn0.97Cu0.01V0.02O nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by the sol-gel method and sintered at 600 degrees C in argon and air atmosphere, respectively. The effects of annealing atmosphere on the structural, optical and magnetic properties of the obtained samples were studied.

The X-ray diffraction result showed that the Zn0.97Cu0.01V0.02O was single phase with the wurtzite structure of ZnO. LDK378 mw selleck products The sample annealed in air had much better crystallization. Photoluminescence shows an increase in green emission when annealing in argon. The two Zn0.97Cu0.01V0.02O samples exhibited ferromagnetism at room temperature. The ferromagnetism in this study was itself property of Cu, V co-doped ZnO and not

originated from the secondary phase. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVEWe examined the impact of intensive versus conventional diabetes treatment upon menopause among women with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), a randomized controlled trial of intensive diabetes treatment, and its observational follow-up, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIn a secondary analysis of women in the DCCT/EDIC (n = 657), outcomes were the cumulative incidences of natural menopause and surgical menopause. Cox regression analyses were used to examine associations with treatment group, time-varying estimates of hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)), insulin dosage, BMI, and microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy).RESULTSBy EDIC year 18, after an average of 28 years of follow-up, 240 (38%) women had experienced natural menopause and 115 (18%) women had experienced surgical menopause.

Two natural khellactone, (+)-4′-Decanoyl-cis-khellactone (1) and (+)-3′-Decanoyl-cis-khellactone (2) were isolated from the rhizomes parts of A. purpuraefolia. Two compounds were

evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activities as well as their cytotoxic potential on SK-OV-3 cancer cell line cells. Compounds 1, 2 showed notable growth inhibitory activity against chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC(50); values from 1.5 and 2.4 mu M. This compound showed no significant cytotoxicity (IC(50) > 100 mu M) evaluated using SK-OV-3 cancer cell line cells. This is the first report on the antiplasmodial activity of the compounds from A. purpuraefolia. Copyright (C) 2009,John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.”
“OBJECTIVE\n\nTo confirm the recurrence-preventing GS-1101 price efficacy and safety of 18-month bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) maintenance therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.\n\nPATIENTS AND METHODS\n\nThe Ruboxistaurin solubility dmso enrolled patients had been diagnosed

with recurrent or multiple non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (stage Ta or T1) after complete transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT).\n\nThe patients were randomized into three treatment groups: a maintenance group (BCG, 81 mg, intravesically instilled once weekly for 6 weeks as induction therapy, followed by three once-weekly instillations at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after initiation of the induction therapy), a non-maintenance group (BCG, 81 mg, intravesically instilled once weekly for 6 weeks) and an epirubicin group (epirubicin, 40 mg, intravesically instilled nine times). The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS).\n\nRESULTS\n\nEfficacy analysis was performed for 115 of the full-analysis-set population of 116 eligible patients, including 41 maintenance group patients, 42 non-maintenance group patients and 32 epirubicin group patients.\n\nAt the 2-year median point of the overall actual follow-up period, the final cumulative

RFS rates in the maintenance, non-maintenance and epirubicin groups were 84.6%, 65.4% and 27.7%, BAY 63-2521 concentration respectively.\n\nThe RFS following TURBT was significantly prolonged in the maintenance group compared with the non-maintenance group (generalized Wilcoxon test, P = 0.0190).\n\nCONCLUSION\n\nBCG maintenance therapy significantly prolonged the post-TURBT RFS compared with BCG induction therapy alone or epirubicin intravesical therapy.”
“von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder and arises from deficiencies and/or defects in the plasma protein von Willebrand factor (VWF). VWD is classified into 6 different types, with type 1 identified as a (partial) quantitative deficiency of VWF, type 3 defined by a (virtual) total deficiency of VWF, and type 2 identifying four separate types (2A, 2B, 2M, 2N) characterised by qualitative defects.