90 +/- 23.47%, MR: 32.66 +/- 13.95%, and LR: 32.53 +/- 5.87%). On the basis of above results, MR cultivars were evaluated

the highest quality, because high lipoxygenase activity, high fat acidity, and low germination rate have deteriorated in quality and generated off-odor. Thus, MR cultivars might be very important sources in food processing and stored dietary supplement aspects.”
“Biodiesel, chemically consists of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) produced by methanolysis of natural triglycerides, such as animal fats and vegetable oils, is a kind of biomass energy, which is renewable and ecofriendly. In this article, KF/CaO was used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of soya bean oil and methanol, while ultrasound as supplementary means. Compared to mechanical stirring, ultrasound treatment is an effective method to increase the yield of FAME and shorten www.selleckchem.com/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html reaction time. By single-factor method, the optimisation of reaction conditions has been studied. The research showed that the optimum reaction conditions were: w(catalyst)/w(oil): 3%, reaction temperature: 65 degrees C, n(methanol)/n(oil): 12, reaction time: 1 h, sound intensity: 1.01 W cm(-2), frequency: 20 kHz, the yield of FAME could be 97%.”
“Objective: The examination of the genotoxic, cytostatic and cytotoxic

effects of smoking during pregnancy.

Method: Lymphocyte cultures of peripheral blood were received from 20 women who smoked during pregnancy as well as umbilical cord blood of their newborns. Fluorescence Plus Giemsa staining technique was used in order to perform cytogenetic analyses for three indices, Selleck Alvocidib Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs), Proliferation Rate Index (PRI) and Mitotic Index (MI). To reveal any underlying chromosome instability, CPT-11 was used as a positive control.

Results: Newborns whose mothers smoke during pregnancy had increased SCEs levels on their lymphocytes when they were exposed to the mutagenic agent CPT-11 (p < 0.01) compared GW4869 with newborns lymphocytes exposed

to the same agent with non-smoking mothers. Also, mothers smoking during pregnancy had increased SCE levels when their lymphocytes were exposed to CPT-11 (p < 0.01) compared with non smoking mothers whose lymphocytes were exposed to the same agent. In both groups newborns appeared as having decreased (p < 0.01) spontaneous SCEs levels compared with the corresponding SCE rates of their mothers. Decreases of PRIs and MIs are observed in mothers compared to their newborns.

Conclusion: Smoking during pregnancy can promote cytogenetic damage in newborn’s DNA, causing chromosome instability. The clinical importance of this indirect damage lies in the fact that this type of damage can act synergistically with other environmental and/or chemical mutagenic substances possibly leading to carcinogenicity.