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“Background In modern Western society, chronic stress is a major public health

problem as it increases the risk of stress-related ill health and diseases (Perski 2006; Shirom 2003). In Sweden, stress-related health problems, such as emotional exhaustion and clinical burnout, are among the most common diagnoses for long-term sickness leave (Lidwall 2010). One contributing factor to the growing number of these health problems might be the increase selleck chemicals in dual earner couples and single parents as these workers may more often face difficulties in organizing work and non-work (e.g. home) responsibilities. Imbalance between work and family demands is often described in terms of ‘stress’ and appears to be a core stressor that erodes well-being (Bellavia

and Frone 2005). Also, individuals with a strong need to prove their competence and to exert maximum effort in order to feel worthy, i.e. individuals with high performance-based self-esteem, are at increased risk to suffer from feelings of stress. Although several previous studies have investigated relationships between emotional exhaustion, work–family conflict and performance-based self-esteem, only two of the three components were studied simultaneously. In addition, studies CYTH4 with a longitudinal design are lacking, and at this point in time, we lack a deeper understanding of how these three components are related to one another over time. Moreover, only a few studies have used national representative data, which makes it hard to generalize findings to a broader occupational population. In the present study, we address these research gaps and test the causal relationship of work–family conflict, emotional exhaustion and performance-based self-esteem based on longitudinal data from a large Swedish national representative sample.