From all controls and all other patients only one strain of E. coli from each subject was isolated. Table 1 Characteristics of patients with active and

inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and of controls.   Controls Inactive UC Active UC Inactive CD Active CD N 10 5 6 5 2 id numbers c11, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c12, c14, c16, c17 p10, p23, p26, p27, p32 p7, p8, p13, p19, p22, p25 p11, p15, p18, p20, p31 p29, p30 M/F 6/4 2/13 5/1 1/4 2/0 mean age 27 (21–33) 40 (37–54) 42 (34–71) 48 (34–65) 48 localization of disease, (present when active, previous when inactive) None Proctosigmoid colon (p10, p23, p26), pancolitis (p32), rectum (p27) rectum (p8), proctosigmoid find more colon (p7, p19, p22), pancolitis (p13, p25) descending colon (p15, p18, p20), proctosigmoid colon (p14, p31) colon with skip lesions (p29), proctosigmoid colon (p30) Medication None 5-ASA (p10, p23, p26), azathioprine (p27), none (p32) 5-ASA (all), Azathioprine (p13, p19), prednisolone (p13) None (p15, p18, p31), 5-ASA (p20), prednisolone (p11) 5-ASA (p29), none (p30) UC; Ulcerative Colits, CD; Crohn’s disease. Controls have the prefix “”c”" and patients “”p”". E. coli strains were studied with respect to phylogenetic group, ExPEC genes, multilocus sequence type, serotype and virulence Selleckchem EX527 factors. LCZ696 research buy Interestingly,

among patients and controls with a positive E. coli culture, B2 strains were cultured most frequently from patients with IBD, 60% (9 out of 15), compared to 11% (1 out of 9) from healthy controls (p < 0.05). In addition, B2 E. coli strains were cultured most frequently from patients with active IBD, 86% (6 of 7), compared to 38% (3 of 8) among patients with inactive colitis, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.12). However, when comparing the number of B2 E. coli strains with at least one positive ExPEC gene among different groups (table 2), significantly more strains, 86% (6 of 7), were found positive among active IBD patients, compared to 13%

(1 of 8) among inactive IBD patients (p < 0.05) and 11% (1 of 9) among healthy controls (p < 0.05). Among the 26 E. coli strains, representing 20 O-serogroups, 18 sequence types were identified using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) ASK1 (figure 1). The B2 phylogenetic group associated with IBD was found in a specific cluster based on MLST, confirming a common ancestry of these IBD associated B2 E. coli, but no further separation was achieved between strains involved in active compared to inactive IBD. From most patients with active IBD, 71%, E. coli were cultured with O-serotypes normally categorized as uropathogenic, compared to 25% (p = 0.13) in IBD in remission and 11% among healthy controls (p < 0.05). Although hemolytic E. coli were isolated more frequently from patients with IBD (47%) compared to healthy controls (11%); this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.18).