However, it may be in the best interest of treatment to make an adaptation when the severity of the comorbidity or stressor threatens therapeutic alliance or the ability of the patient to stay in treatment. Video clip 7 demonstrates a scenario in which an acute stressor leads to a shift in the order in which the therapist moves through the modules of the CBT-AD protocol. “Michael” is a 30-year-old gay male who lives with his boyfriend, has a history of crystal methamphetamine dependence, and was infected with HIV by a male partner 10 years ago. Michael is midway through
the CBT-AD protocol. He has responded buy Panobinostat well to treatment, including reductions in depressive symptoms and improvement in ART adherence, and he and his therapist have established a good rapport. While reviewing homework from the “Adaptive Thinking” module, Michael reveals that his boyfriend of 2 years has recently re-initiated use of crystal methamphetamine, which has
caused Michael significant distress and worry that he himself will also re-initiate use. The therapist initially views this as an opportunity to demonstrate the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring for addressing these multiple stressors. However, Michael’s distress due to his boyfriend’s substance use becomes a barrier to moving forward with this module, and the therapist Onalespib molecular weight decides to alter the course of treatment in order to address the acute problem. In this case, the therapist chooses to skip forward to the first “Problem Solving”
session in order to help the patient address the acute problem. The therapist will return to the second session of “Adaptive Thinking” later in treatment. We note that it may not always be in the best interest of the patient to break treatment fidelity and alter the course of treatment based on acute problems that may arise. In many cases, these stressors can be used as examples to illustrate the utility of various modules of CBT-AD. For example, in learn more Video clip 7, Michael was likely experiencing many cognitive distortions relating to his acute stressor that could have been restructured by sticking with the “Adaptive Thinking” module, and the therapist attempted to do so. We encourage therapists to attempt to maintain the fidelity of the treatment by addressing patient struggles in the current module as is possible. However, this video clip illustrates a scenario in which the severity of the distress the patient was experiencing became a barrier to continuing with treatment as planned. Had the therapist forced Michael to address the acute stressor through cognitive restructuring, it may have threatened the therapeutic alliance. This paper with case illustrations provides a brief description of cognitive-behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD; Safren et al., 2008a and Safren et al., 2008b) for HIV-infected adults, as developed and tested by our team.