In considering the sequenced isolates that contained the fhu genes strain R2846 is a biotype III strain and strain R3021 is a biotype II strain (no biotype has been reported for the remaining fhu positive sequenced strains). In contrast to the clear association

with biotype III strains presence of the fhu locus cannot be associated with any particular disease state/niche since strains containing the fhu locus have been isolated from multiple sites (Tables 1 and 2). A potential siderophore utilization locus has been identified in NTHi that appears to be limited to strains of biotype II and biotype III, and to predominantly occur in biotype III strains. Growth studies Since some H. influenzae strains possess an apparent siderophore utilization associated gene locus but lack the corresponding siderophore biosynthesis genes, the ability of such strains to utilize an exogenously www.selleckchem.com/products/BKM-120.html supplied siderophore was determined. Since homologous genes in E. coli and A. pleuropneumoniae are associated with the utilization of ferrichrome [33, 46], growth assays were performed with ferrichrome as the sole iron source. Figure 2A shows that NTHi strain R2846 can readily grow when supplied with ferric ferrichrome as the sole iron source. Several additional strains whose

genomes have been sequenced and which lack the fhu operon were also assessed for their ability MTMR9 to utilize ferric ferrichrome as the sole iron source; none of the following www.selleckchem.com/products/PF-2341066.html strains were able to utilize ferric ferrichrome: Rd KW20, type b strain 10810, NTHi strain 86-028NP and the NTHi strain R2866 (data not shown). Figure

2 Growth of H. influenzae strains R2846, HI1380 and HI1390 and their corresponding isogenic fhuD insertion mutant derivatives with ferric ferrichrome as the sole iron source. Growth of all strains is in either hdBHI supplemented with heme as the sole heme and iron source or in hdBHI supplemented with protoporphyrin IX as a porphyrin source, EDDA to chelate free iron and ferric ferrichrome as the sole iron source. (A) Wildtype strain R2846 with heme at 10 μg ml-1 (solid circles) and with ferric ferrichrome at 200 μM (solid triangles). The fhuD insertion mutant strain HI2128 with heme at 10 μg ml-1 (open circles) and with ferric ferrichrome at 200 μM (open triangles). (B) Wildtype strain HI1380 with heme at 10 μg ml-1 (solid circles) and with ferric ferrichrome at 200 μM (solid triangles). The fhuD insertion mutant strain HI2131 with heme at 10 μg ml-1 (open circles) and with ferric ferrichrome at 200 μM (open triangles). (C) Wildtype strain HI1390 with heme at 10 μg ml-1 (solid circles) and with ferric ferrichrome at 200 μM (solid triangles). The fhuD insertion mutant strain HI2132 with heme at 10 μg ml-1 (open circles) and with ferric ferrichrome at 200 μM (open triangles).