In the present study, we have used comparative http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Paclitaxel(Taxol).html secretomic analysis to examine the effects of xylan and starch on the expression level of proteins secreted by the basidiomycete

Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on cellulose,. Forty-seven spots of extracellular proteins expressed by P. chrysosporium separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis were identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Addition of starch to the cellulolytic culture did not affect fungal growth significantly, but did decrease the production of total extracellular enzymes, including cellulases and xylanases. In contrast, addition of xylan increased mycelial volume and the production of extracellular proteins. Xylan increased synthesis of several glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 putative endoxylanases and a putative glucuronoyl esterase belonging to carbohydrate esterase family 15, for which plant cell wall xylan may be a substrate. Moreover, cellobiose

dehydrogenase and GH family 61 proteins, which are known to promote cellulose degradation, were also increased in the presence of xylan. These enzymes may contribute to degradation by the fungus of not only cellulose but also complex carbohydrate components of the plant cell wall. Most renewable organic carbon on Earth exists in the form of plant biomass, which mainly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose Cisplatin molecular weight and lignin in the cell wall (McNeil et al., 1984). Filamentous fungi belonging to Basidiomycota are omnipotent degraders of plant cell wall components (Eriksson et al., 1990). Among them, the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium is one of the best-studied fungi from the viewpoint of bioconversion of plant biomass, especially woody biomass. This fungus produces Fludarabine many types of extracellular glycoside hydrolases (GHs) that degrade structural polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicellulose (Broda et al., 1994, 1996). In addition to GHs, the fungus produces various extracellular carbohydrate

esterases (CEs) and oxidative enzymes to degrade plant cell wall components (Vanden Wymelenberg et al., 2005, 2009; Kersten & Cullen, 2007; Sato et al., 2007; Duranováet al., 2009). Recently, the total genomic sequence of P. chrysosporium was disclosed (Martinez et al., 2004) and many genes coding extracellular enzymes have been annotated. The results on GHs and CEs have been deposited in the carbohydrate-active enzymes database (Cantarel et al., 2009) and those on oxidative enzymes in the fungal oxidative lignin enzymes database (Levasseur et al., 2008). Moreover, extensive proteomic analysis of extracellular proteins, generally called the secretome, has been performed for P. chrysosporium (Abbas et al., 2005; Vanden Wymelenberg et al., 2005, 2009; Sato et al., 2007; Ravalason et al., 2008) in studies focused on the fungus degradation of woody biomass.