Materials and Methods: Electronic library search for current evidence in the world literature was conducted, and relevant articles were selected, scrutinized, and the findings were compared.
Results: Seven articles were most relevant, and the results of the comparison of the selected articles showed that demographic variable, age; operative variables: surgeon procedure type and number of teeth extracted; and ratiographic Smoothened Agonist supplier variable, depth angulation; and
root morphology, are the most consistent determinants of difficulty.
Conclusion: Current evidence is in support of 3 categoreis of variables strongly associated with surgical diffulty of impacted third molars. The most important variables in each of these categories have been identified. (C) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons”
“Background: Knowledge gaps have contributed to Silmitasertib considerable variation (between 0 and 15 mu g/d) in international dietary recommendations for vitamin D in adolescents.
Objective: We aimed to establish the distribution of dietary vitamin D required to maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations above several proposed cutoffs (25, 37.5, 40, and 50
nmol/L) during wintertime in adolescent white girls.
Design: Data (baseline and 6 mo) from 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 12-mo intervention studies in Danish (55 degrees N) and Finnish (60 degrees N) girls (n = 144; mean age: 11.3 y; mean vitamin D intake: 3.7 mu
g/d) at vitamin D(3) supplementation amounts of 0, 5, and 10 mu g/d were used. Serum 25(OH) D was measured with an HPLC assay in a centralized laboratory.
Results: Clear dose-related increments (P < 0.0001) in serum 25(OH)D with increasing supplemental vitamin D(3) were observed. The slope of the relation between vitamin D intake and serum 25(OH)D at the end of winter was 2.43 nmol . L(-1) . mu g intake(-1), and no difference in the slopes between Finnish and Danish girls was observed. The vitamin D intakes that maintained serum 25(OH)D concentrations at > 25, > 37.5, and > 50 nmol/L in 97.5% of the sample were 8.3, 13.5, and 18.6 mu g/d, respectively, whereas an intake selleck ALK 抑制剂 of 6.3 mu g/d maintained a serum 25(OH)D concentration > 40 nmol/L in 50% of the sample.
Conclusion: The vitamin D intakes required to ensure that adequate vitamin D status [defined variably as serum 25(OH)D > 25 and > 50 nmol/L] is maintained during winter in the vast majority (. 97.5%) of adolescent girls (mean age: 11.3 y) at northern latitudes (> 55 degrees N) are 8.3 and 18.6 mu g/d, respectively. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00267540. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93: 549-55.