Medical therapy was unsuccessful in 25 dogs before AUS implantation. Surgery was performed without major complications in 25 dogs; 2 developed partial urethral obstruction find more after 5 and 9 months. Median (interquartile range) follow-up for the

other 25 dogs was 12.5 (619) months. Continence scores were significantly improved (P < .0001) between the preoperative period (2 [14]) and last follow-up (9 [810]). Overall, 22 owners described themselves as very satisfied, 2 as satisfied, and 3 as unsatisfied. Conclusions AUS implantation was successful in restoring continence in male and female dogs with both congenital and acquired urinary incontinence. Dogs that develop partial urethral obstruction may require AUS removal.”
“Objective: To investigate interactions (if any) in the bone-conduction auditory steady-state

response (BC ASSR) between multiple brief tones presented simultaneously. Methods: 500-, 1,000-, 2,000-, and 4,000-Hz brief tones, repeated at a rate of 77-101 Hz, were presented using a B-71 vibrator. BC ASSR thresholds and amplitudes at 50 dB nHL were measured in two conditions where the stimulus was either presented alone or together with other stimuli. Results: Significantly larger amplitudes in the single-stimulus condition were found at 50 dB nHL. However, there was no significant threshold difference between single-and multiple-stimulus conditions. The BC ASSR thresholds (means +/- GDC-973 SD) at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz were 96.7 +/- 9.7, 75.3 +/- 11.5, 65.6 +/- 7.4, and 57.8 +/- 7.2 dB re 1 mu N ppe, respectively. Conclusion: Interactions occurred in the selleck inhibitor multiple-stimulus condition at high presentation levels, but not at threshold levels. The results of the present study imply that BC ASSR thresholds to multiple brief-tone stimuli can be assessed at the same time, at least in normal-hearing adults. Copyright (C) 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Background: Bisphosphonates (BIS) treatment is a standard of care in metastatic bone disease (MBD) and regular intake is of upmost importance

to ensure the effectiveness. The aim of this study was to investigate gender specific differences in persistence with BIS in MBD for the first time in this regard. Patients and methods: Out of the original database of 16 million patients, we extracted first-time metastatic cancer related BIS prescriptions from January 2001 to December 2011 in patients diagnosed with MBD following breast cancer (BC) or prostate cancer (PC). Patients were matched (1 : 1) in accordance to age. For persistence analyses, 1,007 patients with metastatic BC and PC were available. Results: After 1 year of follow-up, 35.3% of BC and 26.6% of PC patients treated with BIS discontinued their treatment (p smaller than 0.001). The differences were irrespective of increased refill gaps and route of BIS administration.