Most of the INK 128 Bochdalek hernias are diagnosed OSI-906 ic50 in children who present with pulmonary symptoms [6, 7, 11]. Since Bochdalek hernia in an adult is an asymptomatic condition,

it is usually an incidental finding which makes its incidence difficult to be estimated. These can sometimes present with vague chest and gastrointestinal symptoms [6, 11]. The predominance of the left side in symptomatic cases both in neonates and adults may be due to narrowing of the right pleuroperitoneal canal by the caudate lobe of the liver [12]. Another reason may be that the right pleuroperitoneal canal closes earlier. According to a recent report in 2002, there are only seven symptomatic cases involving the right hemidiaphragm in the literature [13]. The hernial size varies and the content of the hernial sac may differ from each eFT508 mouse other in every age group. Hernias on the left side may contain intestinal loops, spleen, liver, pancreas, kidney or fat. Colon in a Bochdalek hernia is a rare condition and usually found in the left-sided hernias as was also

the case in our patient [7, 14]. A medline search for cases of colon in a BH revealed about 32 cases (Table 1) [15–39]. A coexisting hernial sac has also been reported in 10–38% of the cases according to large series [7]. Some authors believe that long-term survival may be due to the persistence of a pleuroperitoneal sac (hernial sac) and that the rupture of the sac in adult life may trigger the characteristic

symptoms [40]. There was no hernial sac in our patient. Drugs such as thalidomide or antiepileptics administered during pregnancy i.e. before the closure of the pleuroperitoneal canal before 9th to 10th weeks’ gestation along with the genetic predisposition have been incriminated as the etiological factors. A congenital diaphragmatic hernia can be accompanied by other congenital anomalies in 25–57% and by chromosomal disorders in 10–20% of cases [10]. Our patient did not have any obvious congenital anomaly. Bochdalek hernias may show up on chest X-rays as air and fluid-filled viscera in the hemithorax, as in our case. Associated mechanical obstruction may be this website obvious on plain X-ray imaging. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) has been an increasingly important investigation method in assessment of acute presentation which was not used in our case. The rare finding of a dilated bowel above the hemidiaphragm makes the diagnosis obvious. Other investigations including upper gastrointestinal contrast studies can exclude malrotation [41]. Gastrointestinal contrast studies could not be done since our case was an emergency situation. A delayed or missed diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia can lead to significant morbidity and mortality [42].