On the basis of the studies, the Saka genotype can be considered drought resistant due to higher leaf water content caused, probably, by smaller hydraulic resistance relative to Modus. The activity of its photosynthetic apparatus during drought was higher

than that for the Modus genotype. The high level of phenolic compounds, which can act as photoprotectors and free radical scavengers, was also maintained. All the mentioned parameters can represent the potential phenotype features, which allow the identification of resistance genes on the genetic map of the triticale, which is currently being created. (C) 2008 NU7026 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Synthetic fragrances are persistent environmental pollutants that tend to bioaccumulate in animal tissues. They are widely used in personal care products and cleaning agents. Worldwide production of Galaxolide and Tonalide are in excess of 4500 tons annually. Because of their widespread production and use, they have been https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nocodazole.html detected in surface waters and fish in the US and Europe. Consumption of contaminated water and fish

from such sources leads to bioaccumulation and eventual toxicity. Since fragrances and flavors bear structural similarities to polyisoprenes, it was of interest to determine whether toxicity by Galaxolide and Tonalide may be linked with polyisoprenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) inhibition. A concentration-dependent study of PMPMEase inhibition by Galaxolide and Tonalide as well as their effects on the degeneration of cultured cells were conducted. Galaxolide and Tonalide inhibited purified porcine liver PMPMEase with K-i values of 11 and 14 mu M, respectively. Galaxolide

and Tonalide also induced human cancer cell degeneration with EC50 values of 26 and 98 mu M (neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells) and 58 and 14 mu M (lung cancer A549 cells), respectively. The effects on cell viability correlate well with the inhibition of PMPMEase activity in the cultured VX-661 cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the binding interactions are most likely between the fragrance molecules and hydrophobic amino acids in the active site of the enzyme. These results appear to suggest that the reported neurotoxicity of these compounds may be associated with their inhibition of PMPMEase. Exposure to fragrances may pose a significant risk to individuals predisposed to developing degenerative disorders. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 466-477, 2014.”
“Inflammation has been implicated in the hypothalamic leptin and insulin resistance resulting defective food intake during high fat diet period. To investigate hypothalamic inflammation in dietary induced obesity (DIO) and obesity resistant (DIO-R) rats, we established rat models of DIO and DIO-R by feeding high fat diet for 10 weeks.