Question 8. If a patient experiences flare-ups when receiving immunosuppressives or a biologic, should corticosteroids be added? Draft answer modified by National Meeting Working Group (1) Patients failing immunosuppressive therapy can click here be started on corticosteroids to help induce remission when transitioning to another immunosuppressive (level of evidence: 1b; grade of recommendation: A). Question 9. What are the risks of cancers (all kinds) and infections associated with the short-, mid- and long-term use of immunosuppressives and corticosteroids? Draft answer
modified by National Meeting Working Group (1) Although the overall cancer risk does not seem to be increased in patients on steroids or immunosuppressives, thiopurines increase the risk of lymphoproliferative disorders and non-melanoma skin
cancer in IBD patients (level of evidence: 2b; grade of recommendation: B). Question 10. What is the optimal safety monitoring Pexidartinib nmr (clinical, laboratory, radiological) of patients receiving immunosuppressives or corticosteroids? How often? Draft answer modified by National Meeting Working Group (1) Immunosuppressive therapy is associated with myelosuppression. Patients with low thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity are at increased risk of developing severe myelosuppression. However, 73% of patients with severe bone marrow suppression
do not carry a TPMT mutation (level of evidence: 3b/5; grade of recommendation: B/D). The main conclusions which can be drawn after this meeting include: the importance of introducing conventional Aldehyde dehydrogenase corticosteroids in moderate to severely active Crohn’s disease of any localization with an initial duration of treatment varying according to patient’s response; in mildly active ileocecal and/or right-sided colonic disease the use of budesonide is recommended, this being preferred to conventional corticosteroids due to its safety profile. Furthermore, neither conventional steroids nor budesonide are effective for maintenance of remission. Corticosteroids have been shown to increase the risk of serious and opportunistic infections, both independently and in combination with immunosuppressive and biologic agents. Thus, the best option to prevent steroid-induced side effects is to avoid prolonged or repetitive use and to switch appropriate patients to immunosuppressive therapy. Furthermore, the administration of immunosuppressives should be considered early in the disease course, particularly in patients at high risk of complicated disease. For IBD the most important and, in clinical terms, most widely accepted endpoint for treatment efficacy is the remission of disease signs and symptoms.