The gyroscope's presence is indispensable within an inertial navigation system's architecture. Gyroscope applications are significantly benefited by both the high sensitivity and miniaturization features. We analyze a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center within a levitated nanodiamond, either via optical tweezers or by utilizing an ion trap mechanism. We propose an ultra-high-sensitivity scheme for measuring angular velocity via nanodiamond matter-wave interferometry, grounded in the Sagnac effect. The sensitivity of the proposed gyroscope encompasses both the decay of the nanodiamond's center of mass motion and the dephasing of its NV centers. Furthermore, we calculate the visibility of the Ramsey fringes, which allows for an estimation of the gyroscope's sensitivity limits. Experimental results on ion traps indicate sensitivity of 68610-7 rad per second per Hertz. The gyroscope, requiring only a minute working area of 0.001 square meters, might be miniaturized and implemented directly onto an integrated circuit in the future.

The next-generation optoelectronic applications required for oceanographic exploration and detection rely heavily on self-powered photodetectors (PDs) that use minimal power. This work highlights the successful implementation of a self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) PD in seawater, based on the structure of (In,Ga)N/GaN core-shell heterojunction nanowires. The PD's acceleration in seawater, as contrasted to its performance in pure water, can be directly attributed to the significant upward and downward overshooting of the current. The boosted response time enables a more than 80% reduction in the PD rise time, and the fall time is subsequently lessened to 30% when implemented in seawater in contrast to operation in pure water. Crucial to the emergence of these overshooting features is the immediate temperature gradient, coupled with carrier accumulation and removal at the semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces, which occurs simultaneously with the switching on and off of the light. The experimental results propose that Na+ and Cl- ions are the primary factors impacting PD behavior in seawater, thereby substantially increasing conductivity and accelerating the rates of oxidation-reduction reactions. This study presents a practical strategy for developing autonomous PDs capable of widespread use in underwater detection and communication applications.

We describe a novel vector beam in this paper, the grafted polarization vector beam (GPVB), which is synthesized by merging radially polarized beams and various polarization orders. Traditional cylindrical vector beams, with their limited focal concentration, are surpassed by GPVBs, which afford more versatile focal field configurations through manipulation of the polarization order of two or more grafted sections. Importantly, the non-axisymmetric polarization profile of the GPVB, triggering spin-orbit coupling in its strong focusing, produces a spatial division of spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum in the focal plane. The polarization order of two (or more) grafted sections is key to effectively modulating the SAM and the OAM. In addition, the axial energy flow within the tightly focused GPVB beam is tunable, allowing a change from a positive to a negative energy flow by adjusting the polarization order. Our research yields greater control possibilities and expanded applications within the fields of optical tweezers and particle trapping.

This work details the design and implementation of a simple dielectric metasurface hologram, leveraging the strengths of electromagnetic vector analysis and the immune algorithm. This innovative design enables the holographic display of dual-wavelength orthogonal-linear polarization light within the visible spectrum, resolving the low efficiency of traditional design approaches and significantly improving metasurface hologram diffraction efficiency. A novel design for a titanium dioxide metasurface nanorod, structured with rectangular geometry, has been optimized and implemented. Poly-D-lysine order Upon exposure to 532nm x-linearly polarized light and 633nm y-linearly polarized light, the metasurface produces different display outputs on the same observation plane with low cross-talk, as confirmed by simulations showing transmission efficiencies of 682% and 746%, respectively, for x-linear and y-linear polarized light. The metasurface is then manufactured via the atomic layer deposition process. The consistent findings between the experimental and design phases confirm the efficacy of the method in achieving complete wavelength and polarization multiplexing holographic display with the designed metasurface hologram. This paves the way for its potential utility in various domains, such as holographic display, optical encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and data storage.

Non-contact flame temperature measurement methods currently in use often rely on intricate, substantial, and costly optical devices, hindering their use in portable applications and high-density distributed monitoring networks. A novel flame temperature imaging approach, based on a single perovskite photodetector, is presented in this work. To create a photodetector, high-quality perovskite film is epitaxially grown on a SiO2/Si substrate. The heterojunction of Si and MAPbBr3 leads to an increased light detection wavelength range, starting at 400nm and reaching 900nm. By implementing deep learning, a perovskite single photodetector spectrometer was created for the purpose of flame temperature measurement via spectroscopy. The temperature test experiment employed the spectral line of the K+ doping element as a means to determine the flame temperature. A commercial blackbody standard was employed in determining the photoresponsivity as a function of the wavelength. Through a regression calculation applied to the photocurrents matrix, the photoresponsivity function for K+ element was determined, leading to a reconstructed spectral line. The perovskite single-pixel photodetector was scanned to experimentally realize the NUC pattern, forming part of the validation experiment. The imaging of the adulterated element K+'s flame temperature, concluded with an error tolerance of 5%. The technology facilitates development of flame temperature imaging devices that are highly accurate, easily transported, and cost-effective.

To address the substantial attenuation encountered during terahertz (THz) wave transmission through air, we propose a split-ring resonator (SRR) design. This design integrates a subwavelength slit and a circular cavity, both sized within the wavelength spectrum, allowing for the excitation of coupled resonant modes and yielding exceptional omni-directional electromagnetic signal amplification (40 dB) at 0.4 THz. Utilizing the Bruijn procedure, a fresh analytical method was developed and numerically confirmed to precisely predict the correlation between field enhancement and key geometric aspects of the SRR structure. The circular cavity, with the amplified field at the coupling resonance, presents a high-quality waveguide mode, unlike typical LC resonance, making direct THz signal detection and transmission feasible in prospective communication systems.

Space-variant phase changes, locally imposed by phase-gradient metasurfaces, are 2D optical elements that control the behavior of incident electromagnetic waves. The potential of metasurfaces lies in their ability to reshape the photonics landscape, providing ultrathin alternatives to large refractive optics, waveplates, polarizers, and axicons. Despite this, crafting cutting-edge metasurfaces typically involves a number of time-consuming, expensive, and possibly hazardous manufacturing procedures. A novel one-step UV-curable resin printing approach for generating phase-gradient metasurfaces has been devised by our research team, addressing the limitations of traditional metasurface fabrication techniques. This method effectively cuts processing time and cost, in addition to fully eliminating safety hazards. To demonstrate the method's viability, a swift replication of high-performance metalenses, utilizing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase gradient principle within the visible light spectrum, unequivocally highlights their advantages.

With the goal of refining the accuracy of in-orbit radiometric calibration of the Chinese Space-based Radiometric Benchmark (CSRB) reference payload's reflected solar band, while minimizing resource consumption, this paper introduces a freeform reflector radiometric calibration light source system exploiting the beam-shaping attributes of the freeform surface. Optical simulation validated the feasibility of the design method, which involved utilizing Chebyshev points for discretizing the initial structure, and thus resolving the freeform surface. Poly-D-lysine order The machined freeform surface, subjected to comprehensive testing, displayed a surface roughness root mean square (RMS) value of 0.061 mm for the freeform reflector, implying satisfactory continuity in the finished surface. Measurements of the optical characteristics of the calibration light source system reveal irradiance and radiance uniformity exceeding 98% within a 100mm x 100mm effective illumination area on the target plane. A lightweight, high-uniformity, large-area calibration light source system, built using a freeform reflector, fulfills the requirements for onboard payload calibration of the radiometric benchmark, thereby refining spectral radiance measurements in the solar reflection band.

The experimental observation of frequency down-conversion is presented for the four-wave mixing (FWM) process in a cold 85Rb atomic ensemble, characterized by a diamond-level energy structure. Poly-D-lysine order An atomic cloud, featuring an optical depth (OD) of 190, is prepared for the purpose of achieving a high-efficiency frequency conversion. Converting a 795 nm signal pulse field, attenuated down to a single-photon level, into 15293 nm telecom light within the near C-band, we achieve a frequency-conversion efficiency as high as 32%. Analysis demonstrates a critical link between the OD and conversion efficiency, with the possibility of exceeding 32% efficiency through OD optimization. We also observe a signal-to-noise ratio in the detected telecom field greater than 10, and a mean signal count larger than 2. Cold 85Rb ensembles at 795 nm, when used in quantum memories, could combine with our work to facilitate long-distance quantum networking.