Selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist ranitidine effectively blocked the histamine-evoked excitatory responses on the LVN neurons (n = 4), but selective histamine HI receptor antagonist triprolidine did not (n = 4). In addition, selective histamine H2 selleck receptor agonist dimaprit (n = 3) rather than 2-pyridylethylamine (n = 4), a selective histamine H1 receptor agonist, mimicked the excitatory action of histamine
on LVN neurons. The results demonstrate that histamine excites the LVN neurons via post-synaptic histamine H2 receptors and suggest that the central histaminergic projection arising from the hypothalamus may modulate LVN neurons activity and actively influence the vestibular reflexes and functions. (c) 2008 Elsevier Pevonedistat cell line Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Some APOE or tau gene polymorphisms have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).
The reports of a possible association between the APOE 4 allele and dementia in PD are controversial, and some studies suggest that the tau H1/H1 genotype may increase the risk of dementia in PD. Here we analysed these APOE and tau polymorphisms in 86 clinically diagnosed PD patients with dementia (PDD), in 138 clinically diagnosed non-demented PD (PDND) patients, and in 91 healthy controls. Genomic DNA isolated from blood was used for PCR and subsequent RFLP analysis. We examined the possible genetic association of these polymorphisms with dementia in PD, but found no differences in genotypic distributions between the PDND, PDD, and
control groups. The effects of tau and APOE polymorphisms on the age at dementia onset were studied using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis but no significant association were found. The lack of association between the APOE4 allele and PDD suggests that the pathological process involved in the development of dementia in PD is different from the one that occurs in AD. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Previous studies implicated potential value of mismatch negativity (MMN) in predicting recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). ifoxetine We have adopted a novel MMN evoked by subject’s own name (SON), a self-referential stimulus thought to be powerful in evoking residual brain activity, and examined the correlation between the MMN and recovery of consciousness in patients with chronic (> 1 month) DOC. Twelve patients and 12 age-matched healthy controls were investigated. The patients were diagnosed as coma (n = 4). vegetative state (VS, n = 6), and minimally conscious state (MCS, n = 2), mainly based on the JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. The SON-evoked MMN (SON-MMN) was present in seven patients. Critically, the presence of SON-MMN was significantly correlated with recovery of consciousness.