The significantly better results during the RT may have been skewed due to the fact that this was their second time performing this type of test during the RT condition

and may have known more about what to expect and were motivated to improve their reps to fatigue from their previous test. Another possible SIS3 explanation for the bench press results is that the calculated effect size was low. However, for both athletes and physically fit individuals, the ability to train longer and harder is important. For athletes, a few seconds can mean the difference between first and second and one last burst of power can mean scoring the winning points. Therefore, the improvements for the subjects are relevant to their environments. The temperature of the COLD water trial was chosen to be representative of water stored in a general household refrigerator DZNeP in vitro and RT was chosen to be representative of the room temperature. We found that the COLD water trial PU-H71 mw resulted in significantly less of a change in body temperature from pre-exercise session to post-performance testing after a 60 minute exercise (p=0.024). The

change was 1.1°C (±0.8) in the RT condition and 0.8° (±0.6) in the COLD condition; therefore, we have found that ingestion of a cold beverage significantly improves the body’s ability to maintain core temperature. These findings are similar to that of Armstrong et al., Lee et al. and Szlyk et al. [6, 9, 10], however, these studies were conducted in the heat at 40°C, 35°C and 40°C, respectively. Although there was not a significant benefit of COLD water in the performance tests measured, the COLD water clearly helped the participants to maintain core body temperature during exercises, which may have other positive impacts. Current literature also reports that

a rise in core temperature Progesterone can significantly impede performance [1]. There is debate as to the core temperature threshold where a decrease in performance starts to occur. Core temperatures at fatigue have been reported to be between 38.4°C and 40°C [2, 16]; however, many studies report that exhaustion occurs well below 40°C and that the variability may be due to training status, body composition, or various core temperature collection methods [2]. Burdon et al., evaluated performance during a 90 minute steady state exercise session in the heat and reported final rectal temperatures of 38.3°C for their COLD group and 38.5°C for their thermoneutral group [1]. In our study, the maximum core temperature readings were at 37.98°C ± .51 and 37.89°C ± .64 for the RT and COLD groups respectively, which are lower than studies done in the heat and below previously reported thresholds for fatigue.