The subjective pain rating was assessed prior to MVIC, except during the POST learn more assessments at visits 2 and 7 (Figure 1) when the subjective DNA Damage inhibitor pain rating was assessed after the MVIC. Resting blood pressure and resting heart rate The resting blood pressure and resting heart rate were measured after the participant had been sitting quietly for a period of at least 5 minutes prior to any other testing. Systolic and

diastolic resting blood pressure were measured in mmHg with an aneroid sphygmomanometer(MDF Instruments, Agoura Hills, CA) and a stethoscope (Marshall Nurse Stethoscope, Riverside, IL) according to the procedures described by Housh et al. [18]. Resting heart rate was measured by palpating the radial artery at the anterior-lateral surface of the wrist in line with the base of the thumb, just medial to the styloid process of the radius. Once the pulse was located, the number of beats that occurred in 30 s was measured and multiplied by two to find more calculate the resting heart rate (bpm). Statistical analyses Four separate two-way repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) (condition [ANA vs. PLA] x time [PRE vs. POST vs. 24 h vs. 48 h vs. 72 h]) were used to analyze PT, hanging joint angle, relaxed arm circumference, and subjective pain rating. Three separate two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (condition [ANA vs. PLA] × time [PRE vs. 72 h]) were used to analyze systolic blood pressure, diastolic

blood pressure, and resting heart rate. When appropriate, follow-up analyses included one-way repeated measures ANOVAs and Bonferonni-corrected dependent samples t-tests. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS v. 21 (Chicago, IL), and a type I error rate of 5% was considered statistically significant for all comparisons. Results There were no condition x time (p > 0.05) interactions, there were no main effects for condition (p > 0.05), Vildagliptin but there were main effects for time for PT (p < 0.001), hanging arm joint angle (p < 0.001),

relaxed arm circumference (p < 0.001), and subjective pain rating (p < 0.001). The marginal means for PT (collapsed across condition) decreased (p < 0.001) from PRE to POST, increased (p = 0.001) from POST to 24 h, and then plateaued (p > 0.05) from 48 h to 72 h (Figure 3a). The marginal means for hanging joint angle (collapsed across condition) decreased (p < 0.001) from PRE to POST and then did not change (p > 0.05) from POST to 72 h (Figure 3b). The marginal means for relaxed arm circumference (collapsed across condition) increased from PRE to POST (p < 0.001) and then plateaued (p > 0.05) from POST to 72 h (Figure 3c). The marginal means for subjective pain ratings (collapsed across condition) increased (p < 0.001) from PRE to POST, but did not change (p > 0.05) from POST to 72 h (Figure 3d). Figure 3 Recovery of the non-invasive measures of muscle function.