These results suggest that TLR7 deficiency suppresses IFNa production, thereby increasing alcohol-mediated TNFa and IL-6 expression. Increased cyto-kine expression could be associated with hepatic macrophage recruitment, liver injury and steatosis. Thus, modulation of TLR7 signaling could be a new therapeutic approach in alcoholic liver disease. Disclosures: Ekihiro Seki – Grant/Research Support: Nippon Zoki The following people have nothing to disclose: Hiroshi Matsushita, Yoon Seok Roh, Bi Zhang, Shuang Liang Background: Saturated fats and simple carbohydrates (CHO)

have been implicated as inducers of the metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease, whereas Enzalutamide chemical structure monounsaturated fats and complex CHO are considered healthier. To date, few studies have rigorously evaluated the role of specific macronutrient combinations in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Objective: To investigate how specific

CHO:fat combinations, fed to mice over extended periods, Selleck Autophagy Compound Library impact hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and promote NASH. Methods: Mice were fed high-energy diets containing 40% CHO:40% fat as starch:palmitate, sucrose:palmitate, starch:oleate or sucrose:oleate for 3 wk or 6 mo. Control mice were fed chow. One day prior to killing, mice were injected with 2H2O and/ or gavaged with 2H-palmitate to measure de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and trace the fate of dietary fat, respectively. At euthanasia serum, liver, and adipose tissue MCE公司 were collected for analysis. Results: After 3 wk, all mice on experimental

diets had more adipose tissue and modestly more liver TG than chow mice. Stable isotope measurements indicated that diets containing oleate provoked the most DNL and the greatest accumulation of dietary fat in the liver, thus predicting that long-term oleate feeding would cause substantial steatosis. By 6 mo, mice on all 4 experimental diets had significantly more hepatic TG than chow mice (106-211 vs. 7 mg/g), with starch:oleate mice having the highest values. Starch:oleate mice also exhibited the worst liver histology of all groups, with significant steatosis (grade 3 ± 0) and ballooning (grade 1.6 ± 0.5), and had the highest serum ALT levels (77 ± 13 IU/L). Lipogenic gene expression in the liver did not correlate with hepatic steato-sis. Interestingly at 6 mo, starch:oleate mice had the smallest reproductive adipose tissue (rAT) stores of any diet group (0.92 g% vs 1.71-3.07 g%). rAT expression of adipose-specific genes was decreased in all mice on experimental diets at 6 mo, but was lowest in the starch:oleate group. Summary: A starch:oleate diet stimulates more hepatic DNL and causes more retention of dietary fat than other CHO:fat combinations, resulting in marked hepatic TG accumulation at 6 mo with features of NASH. These changes coincide with a reciprocal decrease in the size of rAT and exaggerated suppression of adipose-specific genes.