They assessed the analytical criteria for the different maturational stages and standardized neonatal EEG terminology on the basis of the large amount of data available in the French and the English literature. The results of their work were presented in 1999. Since the first edition, technology has moved towards FRAX597 manufacturer the widespread use of digitized recordings. Although the data obtained with analog recordings can be applied to digitized EEG tracings, the present edition, including new published data, is illustrated with digitized recordings. Herein, the reader can find a comprehensive description of EEG features and neonatal behavioural

states at different gestational ages, and also a definition of the main aspects and patterns of both pathological and normal EEGs, presented in glossary form. In both sections, numerous illustrations have been provided. This precise neonatal EEG terminology should improve homogeneity in the analysis of neonatal EEG recordings, and facilitate the setting up of multicentric studies on certain aspects of normal EEG recordings and various pathological

patterns. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“Monitoring antiviral resistance in influenza is critical to public health epidemiology and pandemic preparedness activities. Effective AZD3965 mw monitoring requires methods to detect low-level resistance and to monitor the change in resistance as a function of time and drug treatment. Resistance-conferring single-nucleotide mutations in influenza virus are ideal targets for such methods.

In the present study, fives sets of paired TaqMan((R)) allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) assays were developed and validated for quantitative single-nucleotide polymorphism selleck chemicals (SNP) analysis. This novel method using Delta Ct is termed allele-specific mixture analysis (ASMA) or FluASMA. The FluASMA assays target L26F, V27A, A30T, and S31N mutations in the A/Albany/1/98 (H3N2) M2 gene and H275Y mutation in the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) NA gene and have a limit of quantification of 0.25-0.50% mutant. The error for % mutant estimation was less than 10% in all FluASMA assays, with intra-run Delta Ct coefficient of variance (CoV) at <= 2% and inter-run Delta Ct CoV at <= 5%. Results from the current study demonstrate that FluASMA is a highly sensitive and quantitative SNP analysis method. even for minor mutant components (<1%). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. An rights reserved.”
“Recent outbreaks of avian influenza in different parts of the world have caused major economic losses for the poultry industry, affected wildlife seriously and present a significant threat even to human public health, due to the risk for zoonotic transmission.